{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282555586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766","title":"Continuous Land Cover Change Detection in a Critically Endangered Shrubland Ecosystem Using Neural Networks","display_name":"Continuous Land Cover Change Detection in a Critically Endangered Shrubland Ecosystem Using Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282555586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2766/pdf?version=1654755760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2766/pdf?version=1654755760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081903935","display_name":"Glenn R. Moncrieff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140899","display_name":"South African Environmental Observation Network","ror":"https://ror.org/041j42q70","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140899","https://openalex.org/I866804994"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Glenn R. Moncrieff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town 7701, South Africa","Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Private Bag X7, Rhodes Drive, Claremont 7735, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town 7701, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Private Bag X7, Rhodes Drive, Claremont 7735, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081903935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210140899"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83463858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"2766","last_page":"2766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrubland","display_name":"Shrubland","score":0.8959943056106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5558152794837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.541670024394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5330184102058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5131474137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4931904673576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","score":0.4590607285499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.43839961290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.42881494760513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4285024404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.33922797441482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.336106538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2815415859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1774359941482544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59898753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879641","display_name":"Shrubland","level":3,"score":0.8959943056106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5558152794837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.541670024394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5330184102058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5131474137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4931904673576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4590607285499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.43839961290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.42881494760513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4285024404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.33922797441482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.336106538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2815415859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1774359941482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2766/pdf?version=1654755760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40e4a5588ab14c8ca2928701628dfc47","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40e4a5588ab14c8ca2928701628dfc47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 2766 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/12/2766/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 2766","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2766/pdf?version=1654755760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2625784700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC21K1183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5026385456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 118593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282555586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282555586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536181565","https://openalex.org/W1932761333","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2063923547","https://openalex.org/W2069558863","https://openalex.org/W2075665434","https://openalex.org/W2087278589","https://openalex.org/W2092141993","https://openalex.org/W2107450528","https://openalex.org/W2140815821","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2150280378","https://openalex.org/W2156808278","https://openalex.org/W2162348455","https://openalex.org/W2288373547","https://openalex.org/W2344186514","https://openalex.org/W2427688769","https://openalex.org/W2540777836","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2913229523","https://openalex.org/W2914599461","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922152173","https://openalex.org/W2936503027","https://openalex.org/W2944712366","https://openalex.org/W2949959826","https://openalex.org/W2963131120","https://openalex.org/W2969531299","https://openalex.org/W2981830988","https://openalex.org/W2982438846","https://openalex.org/W2994992990","https://openalex.org/W3033154295","https://openalex.org/W3036045183","https://openalex.org/W3042807565","https://openalex.org/W3048987266","https://openalex.org/W3096431188","https://openalex.org/W3114429882","https://openalex.org/W3120961911","https://openalex.org/W3123866823","https://openalex.org/W3131937156","https://openalex.org/W3135759711","https://openalex.org/W3173608877","https://openalex.org/W3174654135","https://openalex.org/W4210493552","https://openalex.org/W4211208325","https://openalex.org/W4235790471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104235236","https://openalex.org/W4287600708","https://openalex.org/W3207762859","https://openalex.org/W2804912081","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W2972049582","https://openalex.org/W4389201442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"efforts":[1],"to":[2,40,71,164,172,233,282],"continuously":[3,173],"monitor":[4],"land":[5,37,175,197,276],"cover":[6,38,176,198,277],"change":[7,39,53,143,177,199,278],"using":[8,110,218],"satellite":[9,106,157,188],"image":[10,107],"time":[11,108,180],"series":[12,109,181],"have":[13,230],"mostly":[14],"focused":[15],"on":[16,226],"forested":[17,223],"ecosystems":[18,224,259],"in":[19,29,51,54,84,96,179,257],"the":[20,23,116,202,213,269],"tropics":[21],"and":[22,63,127,147,170,236],"Northern":[24],"Hemisphere.":[25],"The":[26,190],"notable":[27],"difference":[28],"spectral":[30],"reflectance":[31],"that":[32,103,128],"occurs":[33],"following":[34],"deforestation":[35],"allows":[36],"be":[41,69],"detected":[42],"with":[43,87,260,280],"relative":[44],"accuracy.":[45],"Less":[46],"progress":[47],"has":[48],"been":[49,231],"made":[50],"detecting":[52],"low":[55],"productivity":[56],"or":[57],"disturbance-prone":[58],"vegetation":[59,142,183],"such":[60],"as":[61],"grasslands":[62],"shrublands":[64],"where":[65],"natural":[66,262],"dynamics":[67],"can":[68,113],"difficult":[70],"distinguish":[72],"from":[73,151,185],"habitat":[74,242,255],"loss.":[75],"Renosterveld":[76,119],"is":[77,248,268],"a":[78,121,205,209,219],"hyperdiverse,":[79],"critically":[80],"endangered":[81],"shrubland":[82],"ecosystem":[83],"South":[85],"Africa":[86],"less":[88],"than":[89],"5\u201310%":[90],"of":[91,105,118,124,139,182,196,207,215,241,254,271,275],"its":[92,125],"original":[93],"extent":[94],"remaining":[95],"small,":[97],"highly":[98],"fragmented":[99],"patches.":[100],"I":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"classification":[104],"neural":[111,168],"networks":[112,169],"accurately":[114,272],"detect":[115,174],"transformation":[117],"within":[120],"few":[122],"days":[123],"occurrence":[126],"trained":[129],"models":[130],"are":[131,237],"suitable":[132],"for":[133,222,251],"operational":[134,234],"continuous":[135,252],"monitoring.":[136],"A":[137,264],"dataset":[138,160],"precisely":[140],"dated":[141,273],"events":[144,178,200,279],"between":[145],"2016":[146],"2021":[148],"was":[149,161],"obtained":[150],"daily,":[152],"high":[153],"resolution":[154],"Planet":[155],"Labs":[156],"data.":[158,189],"This":[159],"then":[162],"used":[163],"train":[165,283],"1D":[166],"convolutional":[167],"Transformers":[171],"activity":[184],"Sentinel":[186],"2":[187],"best":[191],"model":[192],"correctly":[193],"identified":[194],"89%":[195],"at":[201],"pixel-level,":[203],"achieving":[204],"f-score":[206,214],"0.93,":[208],"79%":[210],"improvement":[211],"over":[212],"0.52":[216],"achieved":[217],"method":[220],"designed":[221],"based":[225],"trend":[227],"analysis.":[228],"Models":[229],"deployed":[232],"use":[235],"producing":[238],"updated":[239],"detections":[240],"loss":[243,256],"every":[244],"10":[245],"days.":[246],"There":[247],"great":[249],"potential":[250],"monitoring":[253],"non-forest":[258],"complex":[261],"dynamics.":[263],"key":[265],"limiting":[266],"step":[267],"development":[270],"datasets":[274],"which":[281],"machine-learning":[284],"classifiers.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}