{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282583733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742","title":"The Influence of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio upon Radio Occultation Retrievals","display_name":"The Influence of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio upon Radio Occultation Retrievals","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282583733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2742/pdf?version=1654672373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2742/pdf?version=1654672373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063132067","display_name":"M. E. Gorbunov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-0547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298358339","display_name":"Hydrometeorological Research Centre of Russian Federation","ror":"https://ror.org/04pv4k943","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298358339"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150607","display_name":"A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03snt1857","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210150607","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163472","display_name":"Spire Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyv4c82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gorbunov","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 3, 119017 Moscow, Russia","Hydrometcenter of Russia, Bolshoy Predtechensky per. 11-13, 123242 Moscow, Russia","Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 3, 119017 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrometcenter of Russia, Bolshoy Predtechensky per. 11-13, 123242 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298358339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041307850","display_name":"V. Irisov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-7978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163472","display_name":"Spire Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyv4c82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Irisov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010227609","display_name":"Christian Rocken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163472","display_name":"Spire Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyv4c82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Rocken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spire Global, Inc., 1690 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063132067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298358339","https://openalex.org/I4210150607","https://openalex.org/I4210163472"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80644106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"2742","last_page":"2742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.6616607308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.6454992294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5831544399261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-cancer-database","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","score":0.5265482068061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occultation","display_name":"Occultation","score":0.5227225422859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.43932658433914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4208582937717438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.38209888339042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.34635281562805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3243551552295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2876884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2305034101009369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21948254108428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.12036538124084473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.6616607308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.6454992294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5831544399261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.5265482068061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131040042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202746","display_name":"Occultation","level":2,"score":0.5227225422859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.43932658433914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4208582937717438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.38209888339042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34635281562805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3243551552295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2876884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2305034101009369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21948254108428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.12036538124084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2742/pdf?version=1654672373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d51ba5a96544354bc3614074f80aee5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d51ba5a96544354bc3614074f80aee5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 2742 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/12/2742/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14122742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122742","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2742/pdf?version=1654672373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282583733.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282583733.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W791698672","https://openalex.org/W1563357920","https://openalex.org/W1565363968","https://openalex.org/W1836719709","https://openalex.org/W1964802290","https://openalex.org/W1969813484","https://openalex.org/W1970261111","https://openalex.org/W1997819019","https://openalex.org/W1999135433","https://openalex.org/W2025530542","https://openalex.org/W2039768883","https://openalex.org/W2045253176","https://openalex.org/W2045906584","https://openalex.org/W2061687647","https://openalex.org/W2081102879","https://openalex.org/W2084038732","https://openalex.org/W2100115494","https://openalex.org/W2103278613","https://openalex.org/W2103761658","https://openalex.org/W2107656582","https://openalex.org/W2122843862","https://openalex.org/W2128484936","https://openalex.org/W2143228533","https://openalex.org/W2163677302","https://openalex.org/W2731882163","https://openalex.org/W2787814580","https://openalex.org/W2972977047","https://openalex.org/W2994578829","https://openalex.org/W3000444622","https://openalex.org/W3004506590","https://openalex.org/W3042573543","https://openalex.org/W3090286430","https://openalex.org/W3095258906","https://openalex.org/W3096653439","https://openalex.org/W3112443059","https://openalex.org/W3115841388","https://openalex.org/W3121062107","https://openalex.org/W3155465525","https://openalex.org/W3194334963","https://openalex.org/W4210324682","https://openalex.org/W4280652419","https://openalex.org/W6622855770","https://openalex.org/W6800118387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W581459807","https://openalex.org/W2076760108","https://openalex.org/W2080119763","https://openalex.org/W2385429089","https://openalex.org/W2209680672","https://openalex.org/W3009895728","https://openalex.org/W631171883","https://openalex.org/W2019829304","https://openalex.org/W2082728146","https://openalex.org/W2045825028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,15,62,153,164],"study":[1,146],"the":[2,11,32,36,40,52,64,66,70,74,88,94,115,120,124,137,142,150,156,167,170,174,186,199,203],"dependence":[3,168],"of":[4,42,51,76,96,104,114,119,159,169,188],"radio":[5],"occultation":[6],"(RO)":[7],"inversion":[8],"statistics":[9,172],"on":[10,149,173],"signal-to-noise":[12],"ratio":[13],"(SNR).":[14],"use":[16,93],"observations":[17],"from":[18,87],"four":[19],"missions:":[20],"COSMIC,":[21],"COSMIC-2,":[22],"METOP-B,":[23],"and":[24,55,69,127,180,201,205],"Spire.":[25],"All":[26],"data":[27],"are":[28,46,198],"processed":[29],"identically":[30],"using":[31],"same":[33,37],"software":[34],"with":[35,48],"settings":[38],"for":[39,123,141,161,191,211],"retrieval":[41,171],"bending":[43],"angles,":[44],"which":[45,100],"compared":[47],"reference":[49],"analyses":[50],"National":[53],"Oceanic":[54],"Atmospheric":[56],"Administration":[57],"(NOAA)":[58],"Global":[59],"Forecast":[60],"System.":[61],"evaluate":[63,155],"bias,":[65],"standard":[67,206],"deviation,":[68],"penetration":[71],"characterized":[72],"by":[73,185],"fraction":[75],"events":[77],"reaching":[78],"a":[79,212],"specific":[80,125,143],"height.":[81],"In":[82],"order":[83],"to":[84],"compare":[85],"SNRs":[86],"different":[89,162,192],"RO":[90],"missions,":[91],"we":[92],"results":[95],"our":[97],"previous":[98],"study,":[99],"defined":[101,111,184],"two":[102],"types":[103],"SNR.":[105,193,215],"The":[106,132],"statically":[107],"normalized":[108,134],"SNR":[109,135,175],"is":[110,147,176,182],"in":[112],"terms":[113],"most":[116],"probable":[117],"value":[118,140],"noise":[121,138],"floor":[122,139],"mission":[126],"global":[128],"navigation":[129],"satellite":[130],"system.":[131],"dynamically":[133],"uses":[136],"profile.":[144],"This":[145],"based":[148],"dynamical":[151],"normalization.":[152],"also":[154],"latitudinal":[157,189],"distributions":[158,190],"occultations":[160],"missions.":[163],"show":[165],"that":[166],"not":[177],"very":[178],"strong,":[179],"it":[181],"mostly":[183],"variations":[187,197],"For":[194],"Spire,":[195],"these":[196],"smallest,":[200],"here,":[202],"bias":[204],"deviation":[207],"reach":[208],"saturated":[209],"values":[210],"relatively":[213],"low":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}