{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281711725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674","title":"Detection of Aquatic Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) from Aerial Imagery Using Random Forest Classification","display_name":"Detection of Aquatic Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) from Aerial Imagery Using Random Forest Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281711725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14112674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/11/2674/pdf?version=1654594213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/11/2674/pdf?version=1654594213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052209072","display_name":"Kathryn Sheffield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-9739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149301","display_name":"AgriBio","ror":"https://ror.org/042kgb568","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113619","display_name":"Agriculture Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqx8q10","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn J. Sheffield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619","https://openalex.org/I4210149301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076557654","display_name":"Daniel Clements","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45935490","display_name":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04hxcaz34","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259964","https://openalex.org/I45935490"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Clements","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Gate 10 Silverdale Road, Hillcrest, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Gate 10 Silverdale Road, Hillcrest, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45935490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066689141","display_name":"Darryl J. Clune","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113619","display_name":"Agriculture Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqx8q10","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl J. Clune","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 10 Staunton Street, Lakes Entrance, VIC 3909, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 10 Staunton Street, Lakes Entrance, VIC 3909, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006409908","display_name":"Angela Constantine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113619","display_name":"Agriculture Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqx8q10","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Constantine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 475 Mickleham Road, Attwood, VIC 3049,  Australia","Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 475 Mickleham Road, Attwood, VIC 3049, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 475 Mickleham Road, Attwood, VIC 3049,  Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 475 Mickleham Road, Attwood, VIC 3049, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054633262","display_name":"Tony M. Dugdale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149301","display_name":"AgriBio","ror":"https://ror.org/042kgb568","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113619","display_name":"Agriculture Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqx8q10","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony M. Dugdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619","https://openalex.org/I4210149301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052209072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113619","https://openalex.org/I4210149301"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88757557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"2674","last_page":"2674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12701","display_name":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alligator","display_name":"Alligator","score":0.8712199926376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosecurity","display_name":"Biosecurity","score":0.8315505981445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed","display_name":"Weed","score":0.814702570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternanthera-philoxeroides","display_name":"Alternanthera philoxeroides","score":0.8049959540367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"Weed control","score":0.5136708617210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-survey","display_name":"Aerial survey","score":0.46938082575798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4202349781990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.341228723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3266856074333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.3095976710319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2956996560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1328321397304535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530397","display_name":"Alligator","level":2,"score":0.8712199926376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803874","display_name":"Biosecurity","level":2,"score":0.8315505981445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.814702570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472735","display_name":"Alternanthera philoxeroides","level":3,"score":0.8049959540367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.5136708617210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176262533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688034","display_name":"Aerial survey","level":2,"score":0.46938082575798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4202349781990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.341228723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3266856074333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3095976710319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2956996560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1328321397304535}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14112674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/11/2674/pdf?version=1654594213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:101770c28c60483bb01b0ab46e005e01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/101770c28c60483bb01b0ab46e005e01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 2674 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/11/2674/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 11; Pages: 2674","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14112674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112674","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/11/2674/pdf?version=1654594213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330024","display_name":"Agriculture Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqx8q10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281711725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281711725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196352583","https://openalex.org/W336371317","https://openalex.org/W1554190159","https://openalex.org/W1565635109","https://openalex.org/W1968926865","https://openalex.org/W1998979050","https://openalex.org/W2000410245","https://openalex.org/W2002290084","https://openalex.org/W2033673217","https://openalex.org/W2047333411","https://openalex.org/W2051536622","https://openalex.org/W2071423370","https://openalex.org/W2081286693","https://openalex.org/W2081822058","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2110504380","https://openalex.org/W2112794845","https://openalex.org/W2129047267","https://openalex.org/W2149861467","https://openalex.org/W2153257718","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2155734243","https://openalex.org/W2157561728","https://openalex.org/W2162082945","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2410703182","https://openalex.org/W2463716413","https://openalex.org/W2527723265","https://openalex.org/W2604454679","https://openalex.org/W2620234846","https://openalex.org/W2625688492","https://openalex.org/W2771159577","https://openalex.org/W2799973659","https://openalex.org/W2898313394","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913227116","https://openalex.org/W2913916713","https://openalex.org/W2951680932","https://openalex.org/W2988553475","https://openalex.org/W3000545534","https://openalex.org/W3006917214","https://openalex.org/W3037933196","https://openalex.org/W3111888453","https://openalex.org/W3185862741","https://openalex.org/W4232713499","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6714817328","https://openalex.org/W6719578570","https://openalex.org/W6882001623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365128622","https://openalex.org/W2239511129","https://openalex.org/W2624650439","https://openalex.org/W1780642663","https://openalex.org/W2164574250","https://openalex.org/W1918619100","https://openalex.org/W2111772054","https://openalex.org/W2368358762","https://openalex.org/W2386540851","https://openalex.org/W4281711725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alligator":[0],"weed":[1,31,45,91,178,189,198,226],"(Alternanthera":[2],"philoxeroides":[3],"(Mart.)":[4],"Griseb)":[5],"forms":[6],"dense":[7],"infestations":[8,227],"in":[9,20,79,140,144],"aquatic":[10],"environments":[11],"and":[12,40,62,95,109,123,142,158,168,247,254],"is":[13,34,239],"the":[14,38,43,97,218,237],"focus":[15],"of":[16,30,42,84,100,130,138,197,220,236],"intensive":[17],"management":[18],"programs":[19,33],"many":[21],"jurisdictions":[22],"within":[23,55],"Australia,":[24],"including":[25],"Victoria.":[26],"A":[27],"critical":[28],"component":[29],"biosecurity":[32,245],"surveillance":[35,75,248],"to":[36,74,88,104,152,172,212,242],"find":[37],"location":[39],"extent":[41],"target":[44],"so":[46],"that":[47],"control":[48],"strategies":[49],"can":[50],"be":[51],"implemented.":[52],"Current":[53],"approaches":[54],"Victoria":[56],"rely":[57],"heavily":[58],"on":[59,119],"ground":[60,107],"surveys":[61,108],"community":[63],"reporting.":[64],"However,":[65],"these":[66],"methods":[67],"do":[68],"not":[69],"provide":[70],"a":[71,174,229,251],"systematic":[72],"approach":[73,222,241],"across":[76],"landscapes,":[77],"resulting":[78],"undiscovered":[80],"infestations.":[81],"The":[82,146,160,202,214,233],"aim":[83],"this":[85,221],"study":[86,238],"was":[87],"detect":[89],"alligator":[90,177,188,225],"from":[92,121,210],"aerial":[93],"photography":[94],"demonstrate":[96,217],"potential":[98],"use":[99,219],"remote":[101],"sensing":[102],"data":[103,120,171,180],"support":[105,243],"existing":[106,244],"monitoring":[110,224,246],"programs.":[111],"Two":[112],"random":[113],"forest":[114],"algorithms":[115],"were":[116,149,163,184],"trained":[117,147],"based":[118],"2010":[122,141,157],"2016.":[124,145,159],"Both":[125],"classifiers":[126,148],"had":[127],"high":[128],"levels":[129],"accuracy,":[131],"with":[132,165],"an":[133,240],"overall":[134],"pixel-based":[135],"classification":[136,161],"accuracy":[137],"96.8%":[139],"98.2%":[143],"then":[150],"applied":[151],"imagery":[153],"acquired":[154],"annually":[155],"between":[156],"outputs":[162],"combined":[164],"class":[166],"probability":[167],"water":[169],"proximity":[170],"produce":[173],"weighted,":[175],"normalised":[176],"likelihood":[179],"layer.":[181],"These":[182],"datasets":[183],"evaluated":[185],"by":[186],"assessing":[187],"patch":[190,203],"detection":[191,204],"rates,":[192],"using":[193],"manually":[194],"delineated":[195],"areas":[196],"for":[199,206,223],"each":[200,207],"year.":[201],"rates":[205],"year":[208],"ranged":[209],"76.5%":[211],"100%.":[213],"results":[215],"also":[216],"at":[228,250,255],"site":[230],"over":[231],"time.":[232],"key":[234],"outcome":[235],"efforts":[249],"landscape":[252],"scale":[253],"known":[256],"infested":[257],"localised":[258],"sites.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
