{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281256435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462","title":"Assessment of IRNSS-Only Data Processing: Availability, Single-Frequency SPP and Short-Baseline RTK","display_name":"Assessment of IRNSS-Only Data Processing: Availability, Single-Frequency SPP and Short-Baseline RTK","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281256435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2462/pdf?version=1653136601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2462/pdf?version=1653136601","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026005771","display_name":"Lin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104015671","display_name":"Gen Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gen Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048696544","display_name":"Wenkun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenkun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610764","display_name":"Zhehao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-046X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhehao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048696544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89222543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"2462","last_page":"2462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8016191720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.7147968411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6559464335441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6192333698272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5953473448753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5567900538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5292885899543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.4780081510543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.47295472025871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4661003351211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-zenith-satellite-system","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","score":0.4197733998298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4081924557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.2943510413169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20512992143630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14543840289115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1082945168018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08808660507202148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8016191720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.7147968411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6559464335441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6192333698272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5953473448753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5567900538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5292885899543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.4780081510543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.47295472025871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4661003351211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68477667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862327","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","level":5,"score":0.4197733998298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4081924557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.2943510413169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20512992143630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14543840289115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1082945168018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08808660507202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2462/pdf?version=1653136601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9857663849644c09f13b1f723b5d915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9857663849644c09f13b1f723b5d915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 2462 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/10/2462/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2462/pdf?version=1653136601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1894627071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2245609153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3968471557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLGIE2019\u2013Z\u20131\u20131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281256435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281256435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536610272","https://openalex.org/W1922150817","https://openalex.org/W1993640430","https://openalex.org/W2026221531","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2095093213","https://openalex.org/W2119397684","https://openalex.org/W2336042583","https://openalex.org/W2567007492","https://openalex.org/W2586485137","https://openalex.org/W2610828667","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2899838662","https://openalex.org/W2919605053","https://openalex.org/W2920707107","https://openalex.org/W2982160954","https://openalex.org/W2986054595","https://openalex.org/W3033946282","https://openalex.org/W3115229227","https://openalex.org/W3190280053","https://openalex.org/W3213882868","https://openalex.org/W6687541254","https://openalex.org/W6695979222","https://openalex.org/W6779338325","https://openalex.org/W6982653070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050510809","https://openalex.org/W2064970428","https://openalex.org/W279348998","https://openalex.org/W1663698709","https://openalex.org/W3175284847","https://openalex.org/W2291333461","https://openalex.org/W2610751307","https://openalex.org/W1813978309","https://openalex.org/W346285377","https://openalex.org/W2944063002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91,110,187],"Indian":[1],"Regional":[2],"Navigation":[3],"Satellite":[4],"System":[5],"(IRNSS)":[6],"currently":[7],"can":[8],"provide":[9],"independent":[10],"positioning":[11,39,120,142,188],"services":[12],"with":[13,153],"eight":[14],"in-orbit":[15],"satellites.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"provides":[19],"a":[20,85,103,154],"comprehensive":[21],"assessment":[22],"of":[23,30,35,44,54,65,75,88,122,144,159,175,190,196,202],"IRNSS-only":[24,55],"data":[25],"processing,":[26],"including":[27],"the":[28,33,42,52,62,71,98,115,119,123,132,140,166,173,176,199,217,221,227,234],"availability":[29,53],"satellite":[31],"constellation,":[32],"performance":[34,43,189,200],"single-frequency":[36,45],"single":[37],"point":[38],"(SPP),":[40],"and":[41,70,82,128,135,139,150,162,179,198,233],"short-baseline":[46,145,240],"real-time":[47],"kinematic":[48],"(RTK)":[49],"positioning.":[50],"Regarding":[51],"case":[56],"in":[57,97,131,165],"its":[58],"primary":[59],"service":[60,86,100],"areas,":[61],"average":[63,72],"number":[64],"visible":[66],"satellites":[67],"is":[68,125,147,192,211],"6\u20138,":[69],"Position":[73],"Dilution":[74],"Precision":[76],"(PDOP)":[77],"value":[78],"falls":[79],"between":[80],"3.3":[81],"6.2,":[83],"under":[84,114],"rate":[87],"nearly":[89],"100.0%.":[90],"datasets":[92],"from":[93,225,231,239],"14":[94],"stations":[95],"located":[96],"IRNSS":[99,116,191],"areas":[101],"spanning":[102],"week":[104],"are":[105,184,242],"used":[106],"for":[107],"position":[108],"determination.":[109],"results":[111,174],"show":[112],"that":[113,195],"single-system":[117,178,209],"case,":[118],"accuracy":[121],"SPP":[124],"6.031,":[126],"6.015,":[127],"9.668":[129],"m":[130],"east,":[133],"north,":[134],"up":[136],"directions,":[137,168],"respectively,":[138],"mean":[141],"bias":[143,223],"RTK":[146,241],"5.4,":[148],"\u221221.1,":[149],"\u22120.2":[151],"mm":[152,164],"standard":[155],"deviation":[156],"(STD)":[157],"error":[158],"7.8,":[160],"19.2,":[161],"29.0":[163],"three":[167],"respectively.":[169],"For":[170],"comparative":[171],"analysis,":[172],"GPS":[177,208],"GPS/IRNSS":[180,203,218],"dual-system":[181,204,219],"combination":[182],"cases":[183],"also":[185],"presented.":[186],"inferior":[193],"to":[194],"GPS,":[197],"improvement":[201],"integrated":[205],"solutions":[206,210],"over":[207],"not":[212],"significant.":[213],"Furthermore,":[214],"based":[215],"on":[216],"solutions,":[220],"inter-system":[222],"estimates":[224],"SPP,":[226,232],"code":[228],"observation":[229,237],"residuals":[230,238],"carrier":[235],"phase":[236],"characterized.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}