{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280554335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407","title":"Prediction of GPS Satellite Clock Offset Based on an Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm Optimized BP Neural Network","display_name":"Prediction of GPS Satellite Clock Offset Based on an Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm Optimized BP Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280554335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2407/pdf?version=1652794814","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2407/pdf?version=1652794814","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022113148","display_name":"Dong Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-0820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-0820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026260599","display_name":"Genyou Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-9276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Genyou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113670984","display_name":"Jikun Ou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jikun Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054993834","display_name":"Shengliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-287X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022256912","display_name":"Ming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-150X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026260599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":15.7875,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98630391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"2407","last_page":"2407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6794847249984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6785616278648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6569952964782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.640896201133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6228084564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5996057987213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.47129857540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-and-rational-function-modeling","display_name":"Polynomial and rational function modeling","score":0.4645504653453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4551104009151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utc-offset","display_name":"UTC offset","score":0.4518163502216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4441917836666107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.312020480632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17952477931976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15523087978363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08093035221099854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6794847249984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6785616278648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6569952964782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.640896201133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6228084564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5996057987213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.47129857540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138029060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226633","display_name":"Polynomial and rational function modeling","level":3,"score":0.4645504653453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4551104009151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187110","display_name":"UTC offset","level":3,"score":0.4518163502216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4441917836666107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.312020480632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17952477931976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15523087978363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08093035221099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2407/pdf?version=1652794814","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02e6db9cc7e24c4ba95e2f97d6ef72e0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02e6db9cc7e24c4ba95e2f97d6ef72e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 2407 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/10/2407/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 10; Pages: 2407","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2407/pdf?version=1652794814","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3061554226","display_name":"\u52a0\u901fGNSS\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5355\u70b9\u5b9a\u4f4dPPP\u6536\u655b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3313346846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0501900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3383473827","display_name":"\u65e5\u957f\u5e74\u9645\u53d8\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u63d0\u53d6\u53ca\u5176\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41774017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280554335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280554335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W898507855","https://openalex.org/W1120240326","https://openalex.org/W2000086150","https://openalex.org/W2005577119","https://openalex.org/W2006749283","https://openalex.org/W2009713407","https://openalex.org/W2033831684","https://openalex.org/W2037936138","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2376409937","https://openalex.org/W2383478564","https://openalex.org/W2491228982","https://openalex.org/W2554328838","https://openalex.org/W2610102155","https://openalex.org/W2769085696","https://openalex.org/W2781917270","https://openalex.org/W2792338644","https://openalex.org/W2793295981","https://openalex.org/W2922229918","https://openalex.org/W2942717200","https://openalex.org/W2944475298","https://openalex.org/W2989997540","https://openalex.org/W3037840638","https://openalex.org/W3048573032","https://openalex.org/W3142408675","https://openalex.org/W3175831892","https://openalex.org/W3195339176","https://openalex.org/W4220887102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W2902549258","https://openalex.org/W2968867052","https://openalex.org/W4220774937","https://openalex.org/W4306248906","https://openalex.org/W4385199229","https://openalex.org/W4306291904","https://openalex.org/W3206199341","https://openalex.org/W2981911444","https://openalex.org/W3163354205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"clock":[1,71,183,200],"offset":[2,72,184,201],"is":[3,68,110,132,190],"an":[4,49],"important":[5],"factor":[6],"affecting":[7],"the":[8,25,42,78,84,88,95,101,113,116,120,125,146,151,156,163,171,180,199,205,210],"accuracy":[9,213],"of":[10,44,87,100,124,215],"real-time":[11,19,38],"precise":[12],"point":[13],"positioning":[14,212],"(RT-PPP).":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,82,142,192],"missing":[18],"service":[20],"(RTS)":[21],"products":[22,202],"provided":[23],"by":[24,57,138,204],"International":[26],"GNSS":[27],"Service":[28],"(IGS)":[29],"or":[30],"network":[31,55],"faults,":[32],"users":[33],"may":[34],"not":[35],"obtain":[36],"effective":[37],"corrections,":[39],"resulting":[40],"in":[41,179,196],"unavailability":[43],"RT-PPP.":[45,216],"Considering":[46],"this":[47],"issue,":[48],"improved":[50],"back":[51],"propagation":[52],"(BP)":[53],"neural":[54,90,104],"optimized":[56],"heterogeneous":[58],"comprehensive":[59],"learning":[60],"and":[61,97,130,162,177,186],"dynamic":[62],"multi-swarm":[63],"particle":[64,79],"swarm":[65,80],"optimizer":[66,81],"(HPSO-BP)":[67],"proposed":[69],"for":[70,112,128],"prediction.":[73],"The":[74],"new":[75],"model":[76,127,159,173,207],"uses":[77],"optimize":[83],"initial":[85],"parameters":[86],"BP":[89,103],"network,":[91],"which":[92],"can":[93,208],"avoid":[94],"instability":[96],"over-fitting":[98],"problems":[99],"traditional":[102,143,193],"network.":[105],"IGS":[106],"RTS":[107],"product":[108],"data":[109],"selected":[111],"experimental":[114],"analysis;":[115],"results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"that":[119,170],"average":[121],"prediction":[122,188],"precision":[123],"HPSO-BP":[126,172,206],"20-min":[129],"60-min":[131],"better":[133],"than":[134],"0.15":[135],"ns,":[136],"improving":[137],"approximately":[139],"85%":[140],"compared":[141],"models":[144],"including":[145],"linear":[147],"polynomial":[148,153],"(LP)":[149],"model,":[150,155],"quadratic":[152],"(QP)":[154],"gray":[157],"system":[158],"(GM":[160],"(1,1)),":[161],"ARMA":[164],"time":[165],"series":[166],"model.":[167],"It":[168],"indicates":[169],"has":[174],"reasonable":[175],"practicability":[176],"stability":[178],"short-term":[181],"satellite":[182],"prediction,":[185],"its":[187],"performance":[189],"superior":[191],"models.":[194],"Therefore,":[195],"practical":[197],"applications,":[198],"predicted":[203],"meet":[209],"centimeter-level":[211],"requirements":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2022-05-22T00:00:00"}
