{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280602063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371","title":"MIMO: A Unified Spatio-Temporal Model for Multi-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Prediction","display_name":"MIMO: A Unified Spatio-Temporal Model for Multi-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Prediction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280602063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2371/pdf?version=1652687434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2371/pdf?version=1652687434","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059128639","display_name":"Siyun Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyun Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023712282","display_name":"Wengen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wengen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651765","display_name":"Tianying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-7832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017862559","display_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Shanghai 200438, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Shanghai 200438, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086316879","display_name":"Jihong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044671398","display_name":"Rufu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4014-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rufu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717840","display_name":"Zhenfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-4500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Management Office of China National Scientific Seafloor Observatory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023712282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.6916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95060341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"2371","last_page":"2371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.7045682668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6649109721183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5165325999259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.49020296335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4637278914451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.39498037099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3003748655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08789592981338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.06013938784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.05915388464927673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.7045682668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6649109721183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5165325999259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.49020296335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4637278914451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.39498037099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3003748655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08789592981338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06013938784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05915388464927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2371/pdf?version=1652687434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a7ee432892c4f608f613040488e5a18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a7ee432892c4f608f613040488e5a18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 2371 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/10/2371/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 10; Pages: 2371","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14102371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2371/pdf?version=1652687434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2062780035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6705365387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280602063.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280602063.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1934171098","https://openalex.org/W1994226178","https://openalex.org/W1994870786","https://openalex.org/W2009687803","https://openalex.org/W2016023418","https://openalex.org/W2022400050","https://openalex.org/W2036856405","https://openalex.org/W2078365413","https://openalex.org/W2080534936","https://openalex.org/W2130395239","https://openalex.org/W2155393257","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2499901494","https://openalex.org/W2584200484","https://openalex.org/W2619995677","https://openalex.org/W2795350985","https://openalex.org/W2799355604","https://openalex.org/W2800885793","https://openalex.org/W2810439028","https://openalex.org/W2899712726","https://openalex.org/W2903382683","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2932827911","https://openalex.org/W2963973018","https://openalex.org/W2964858211","https://openalex.org/W2967059064","https://openalex.org/W2968862935","https://openalex.org/W2973731563","https://openalex.org/W2997259280","https://openalex.org/W3001611209","https://openalex.org/W3042493930","https://openalex.org/W3090521835","https://openalex.org/W3118453946","https://openalex.org/W3184603868","https://openalex.org/W6799006209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W3081257409","https://openalex.org/W2020822748","https://openalex.org/W4394768901","https://openalex.org/W2353357840","https://openalex.org/W2149938466","https://openalex.org/W1991420611","https://openalex.org/W1591926923","https://openalex.org/W196011617","https://openalex.org/W2100280008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0],"surface":[1],"temperature":[2],"(SST)":[3],"is":[4,55,98,149],"a":[5,80,121,162],"crucial":[6],"factor":[7],"that":[8],"affects":[9],"global":[10],"climate":[11],"and":[12,57,87,115],"marine":[13],"activities.":[14],"Predicting":[15],"SST":[16,26,33,45,93,110,140,155,174],"at":[17,94,156],"different":[18,51,68,95,142,157],"temporal":[19,52,158],"scales":[20,69,159],"benefits":[21],"various":[22],"applications,":[23],"from":[24,108,133],"short-term":[25],"prediction":[27,34,46,73,181],"for":[28,35,44,50],"weather":[29],"forecasting":[30],"to":[31,70,91,136,153,166],"long-term":[32],"analyzing":[36],"El":[37],"Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern":[38],"Oscillation":[39],"(ENSO).":[40],"However,":[41],"existing":[42],"approaches":[43],"train":[47],"separate":[48],"models":[49],"scales,":[53,114],"which":[54],"inefficient":[56],"cannot":[58],"take":[59],"advantage":[60],"of":[61,67,112,141],"the":[62,65,72,85,103,109,117,130,134,139,150,167,171,179],"correlations":[63],"among":[64],"temperatures":[66],"improve":[71],"performance.":[74,182],"In":[75],"this":[76,148],"work,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"unified":[81],"spatio-temporal":[82,106],"model":[83,90],"termed":[84],"Multi-In":[86],"Multi-Out":[88],"(MIMO)":[89],"predict":[92,138,154],"scales.":[96,143],"MIMO":[97,177],"an":[99],"encoder\u2013decoder":[100],"model,":[101],"where":[102],"encoder":[104,135],"learns":[105],"features":[107,119,132],"data":[111],"multiple":[113],"fuses":[116],"learned":[118,131],"with":[120,161],"Cross":[122],"Scale":[123],"Fusion":[124],"(CSF)":[125],"operation.":[126],"The":[127],"decoder":[128],"utilizes":[129],"adaptively":[137],"To":[144],"our":[145],"best":[146],"knowledge,":[147],"first":[151],"work":[152],"simultaneously":[160],"single":[163],"model.":[164],"According":[165],"experimental":[168],"evaluation":[169],"on":[170],"Optimum":[172],"Interpolation":[173],"(OISST)":[175],"dataset,":[176],"achieves":[178],"state-of-the-art":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}