{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229369672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","title":"A Machine Learning Approach to Waterbody Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Imagery in Support of Tactical Wildfire Mapping","display_name":"A Machine Learning Approach to Waterbody Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Imagery in Support of Tactical Wildfire Mapping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229369672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2262/pdf?version=1652000826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2262/pdf?version=1652000826","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042119514","display_name":"Jacqueline Oliver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline A. Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082748564","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique C. Pivot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique C. Pivot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062848285","display_name":"Qing Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111494628","display_name":"Alan S. Cantin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan S. Cantin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090533097","display_name":"Martin J. Wooster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-7949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J. Wooster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leverhulme Center for Wildfires, Environment and Society, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK","Leverhulme Center for Wildfires, Environment and Society, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leverhulme Center for Wildfires, Environment and Society, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leverhulme Center for Wildfires, Environment and Society, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012206825","display_name":"Joshua M. Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua M. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042119514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I86897205"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69025186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"2262","last_page":"2262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7207208275794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7188141345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6047550439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5977477431297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5934507846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5325376391410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5317444205284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5221429467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5152928829193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.49460193514823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-infrared","display_name":"Thermal infrared","score":0.4533131420612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.42582768201828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3831692337989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3668121099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.19443845748901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12997010350227356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7207208275794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7188141345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6047550439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5977477431297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5934507846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5325376391410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5317444205284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5221429467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5152928829193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.49460193514823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.4533131420612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.42582768201828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3831692337989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3668121099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.19443845748901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12997010350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2262/pdf?version=1652000826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/11e4fc71-36ed-4ed3-9393-74da98ee086d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/11e4fc71-36ed-4ed3-9393-74da98ee086d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oliver, J A, Pivot, F C, Tan, Q, Cantin, A S, Wooster, M J & Johnston, J M 2022, 'A Machine Learning Approach to Waterbody Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Imagery in Support of Tactical Wildfire Mapping', REMOTE SENSING, vol. 14, no. 9, 2262. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e0bf361a9da847cab90a9ce9b087c9b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e0bf361a9da847cab90a9ce9b087c9b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 2262 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/9/2262/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092262","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2262/pdf?version=1652000826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1539235858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSSP-2019-TI-2442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321612","funder_display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1543694047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000122813/17/I-BG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2944923976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RC-2018-023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3062547663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RC-2018-023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4735235108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/Ro16518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5844832333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSSP-2019-TI-2442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6367504037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSSP-2019-TI-2442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7649411260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/Ro16518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8520920988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ontario","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314607","funder_display_name":"Government of Ontario"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8721180452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000122813/17/I-BG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314607","display_name":"Government of Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/015pzp858"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321612","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338104","display_name":"British Antarctic Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/01rhff309"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229369672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229369672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343082616","https://openalex.org/W754511852","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1976210326","https://openalex.org/W1999871946","https://openalex.org/W2008969571","https://openalex.org/W2015159529","https://openalex.org/W2021576258","https://openalex.org/W2042518598","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2045895539","https://openalex.org/W2046404559","https://openalex.org/W2051086800","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2146133933","https://openalex.org/W2184588656","https://openalex.org/W2214717766","https://openalex.org/W2336807904","https://openalex.org/W2508764147","https://openalex.org/W2584860592","https://openalex.org/W2585347410","https://openalex.org/W2610963988","https://openalex.org/W2734676250","https://openalex.org/W2755703862","https://openalex.org/W2776659710","https://openalex.org/W2802299786","https://openalex.org/W2884851559","https://openalex.org/W2887685367","https://openalex.org/W2900842202","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2984594085","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3037853092","https://openalex.org/W3038665773","https://openalex.org/W3092059124","https://openalex.org/W3163993705","https://openalex.org/W6611535727","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6795762429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321441197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wildfire":[0],"research":[1],"is":[2,27],"working":[3],"toward":[4],"near":[5],"real-time":[6],"tactical":[7],"wildfire":[8,174,209],"mapping":[9],"through":[10,114],"the":[11,28,59,66,70,80,88,91,97,115,142,159,187,211,222],"application":[12,116],"of":[13,37,51,72,75,79,90,99,117,144,181,189,208,215,224],"computer":[14],"vision":[15],"techniques":[16],"to":[17,32,40,205,218],"airborne":[18],"thermal":[19,46,67,102,169],"infrared":[20],"(IR)":[21],"imagery.":[22,47],"One":[23],"issue":[24],"hindering":[25],"automation":[26,207],"potential":[29],"for":[30,96,110,168,232],"waterbodies":[31,52,100],"be":[33],"marked":[34],"as":[35,122,124,139,141,198,200],"areas":[36,74],"combustion":[38,76],"due":[39],"their":[41],"relative":[42],"warmth":[43],"in":[44,65,77,101],"nighttime":[45],"Segmentation":[48],"and":[49,69,119,152,172,213],"masking":[50],"could":[53],"help":[54],"resolve":[55],"this":[56,216],"issue,":[57],"but":[58],"reliance":[60],"on":[61,136,150],"data":[62,135,227],"captured":[63],"exclusively":[64],"IR":[68,103],"presence":[71],"real":[73],"some":[78],"images":[81,104],"introduces":[82],"unique":[83],"challenges.":[84],"This":[85],"study":[86],"explores":[87],"use":[89],"random":[92],"forest":[93],"(RF)":[94],"classifier":[95,161],"segmentation":[98,147,219],"containing":[105],"a":[106],"heterogenous":[107,195],"wildfire.":[108],"Features":[109],"classification":[111],"are":[112,130,230],"generated":[113],"contextual":[118],"textural":[120],"filters,":[121],"well":[123,140],"normalization":[125],"techniques.":[126],"The":[127,183],"classifier\u2019s":[128],"outputs":[129,143],"compared":[131],"against":[132],"static":[133],"GIS-based":[134],"waterbody":[137],"extent":[138],"two":[145],"unsupervised":[146],"techniques,":[148],"based":[149],"entropy":[151],"variance,":[153],"respectively.":[154],"Our":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"RF":[160,184],"achieves":[162],"very":[163],"high":[164],"balanced":[165],"accuracy":[166,188,214],"(>98.6%)":[167],"imagery":[170],"with":[171,176,194],"without":[173],"pixels,":[175],"an":[177],"overall":[178],"F1":[179],"score":[180],"0.98.":[182],"method":[185],"surpassed":[186],"all":[190],"others":[191],"tested,":[192],"even":[193],"training":[196,226],"sets":[197],"small":[199],"20":[201],"images.":[202],"In":[203],"addition":[204],"assisting":[206],"mapping,":[210],"efficiency":[212],"approach":[217],"can":[220],"facilitate":[221],"creation":[223],"larger":[225],"sets,":[228],"which":[229],"necessary":[231],"invoking":[233],"more":[234],"complex":[235],"deep":[236],"learning":[237],"approaches.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}