{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225281629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164","title":"Characterizing Spatiotemporal Variations in the Urban Thermal Environment Related to Land Cover Changes in Karachi, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2020","display_name":"Characterizing Spatiotemporal Variations in the Urban Thermal Environment Related to Land Cover Changes in Karachi, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2020","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225281629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2164/pdf?version=1651915660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2164/pdf?version=1651915660","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078115498","display_name":"Muhammad Fahad Baqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-6802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fahad Baqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056415424","display_name":"Linlin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766597","display_name":"Fang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-7040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007419503","display_name":"Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-9481"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dawn GIS, Geospatial Statistical Research & Analysis Division, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dawn GIS, Geospatial Statistical Research & Analysis Division, Karachi 75300, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040045091","display_name":"Luyang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049417604","display_name":"Aqil Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-1248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqil Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006461840","display_name":"Salman Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-7490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365098","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102844283","display_name":"Qingting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-8307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airborne Remote Sensing Center, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airborne Remote Sensing Center, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056415424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.8753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97600398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"2164","last_page":"2164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.8179848790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megacity","display_name":"Megacity","score":0.7734121084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6810207366943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.6222737431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5687404870986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4989027976989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4624263644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.33008724451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.18941885232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08104708790779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06923788785934448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.8179848790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127040729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174844","display_name":"Megacity","level":2,"score":0.7734121084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6810207366943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.6222737431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5687404870986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4989027976989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4624263644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.33008724451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.18941885232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08104708790779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06923788785934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2164/pdf?version=1651915660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63475204753f4e129bf7130d81f3344a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63475204753f4e129bf7130d81f3344a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 2164 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.hu-berlin.de:18452/25593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/25593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/9/2164/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 9; Pages: 2164","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2164/pdf?version=1651915660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3086581434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4161584478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225281629.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225281629.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152428861","https://openalex.org/W1250261183","https://openalex.org/W1533131073","https://openalex.org/W1980593305","https://openalex.org/W1982651924","https://openalex.org/W1990793870","https://openalex.org/W2005410700","https://openalex.org/W2024369170","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2033782096","https://openalex.org/W2036670520","https://openalex.org/W2044724068","https://openalex.org/W2056968363","https://openalex.org/W2061699609","https://openalex.org/W2072113769","https://openalex.org/W2074398030","https://openalex.org/W2090976648","https://openalex.org/W2102182928","https://openalex.org/W2106842568","https://openalex.org/W2109003212","https://openalex.org/W2121161530","https://openalex.org/W2122984147","https://openalex.org/W2124306732","https://openalex.org/W2155655020","https://openalex.org/W2168533339","https://openalex.org/W2222921106","https://openalex.org/W2333368911","https://openalex.org/W2467726483","https://openalex.org/W2501547355","https://openalex.org/W2592070774","https://openalex.org/W2758840490","https://openalex.org/W2765784675","https://openalex.org/W2782535317","https://openalex.org/W2790818269","https://openalex.org/W2795441858","https://openalex.org/W2795463093","https://openalex.org/W2807007945","https://openalex.org/W2809030179","https://openalex.org/W2897856113","https://openalex.org/W2921731426","https://openalex.org/W2941060156","https://openalex.org/W2942972380","https://openalex.org/W2946047483","https://openalex.org/W2954282640","https://openalex.org/W2965781088","https://openalex.org/W2981019122","https://openalex.org/W2990616697","https://openalex.org/W2995556153","https://openalex.org/W2998866390","https://openalex.org/W3021414655","https://openalex.org/W3025464543","https://openalex.org/W3037036094","https://openalex.org/W3045363958","https://openalex.org/W3080669536","https://openalex.org/W3083923688","https://openalex.org/W3085831966","https://openalex.org/W3088279009","https://openalex.org/W3128632546","https://openalex.org/W3134927562","https://openalex.org/W3155414947","https://openalex.org/W3159926663","https://openalex.org/W3161979623","https://openalex.org/W3162399277","https://openalex.org/W3170211481","https://openalex.org/W3176865099","https://openalex.org/W3187025755","https://openalex.org/W3194059736","https://openalex.org/W3196108668","https://openalex.org/W3196878686","https://openalex.org/W4200576377","https://openalex.org/W6606248827","https://openalex.org/W6673577707","https://openalex.org/W6676035731","https://openalex.org/W6703263893","https://openalex.org/W6747437692","https://openalex.org/W6783260038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358667206","https://openalex.org/W2027212350","https://openalex.org/W2765244828","https://openalex.org/W3024096187","https://openalex.org/W2041203867","https://openalex.org/W4293686883","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,9,19,34,37,62,72,91,106,121,136,155,158,168,181,185,190,199,221,225,251,257,261,264,269,286,290,295,305,322,325],"spatiotemporal":[2],"patterns":[3],"of":[4,36,74,171,275,324],"urban":[5,24,29,47,92,126,296,333],"heat":[6,20,48,127],"islands":[7],"and":[8,26,52,87,105,146,162,202,231,240,242,268,277,327],"factors":[10],"that":[11,167,220,243,318],"influence":[12],"this":[13],"phenomenon":[14],"can":[15,309],"help":[16],"to":[17,33,71,80,153,177,207,211,236,312,320,330],"alleviate":[18],"stress":[21],"exacerbated":[22],"by":[23],"warming":[25],"strengthen":[27],"heat-related":[28],"resilience,":[30],"thereby":[31],"contributing":[32],"achievement":[35],"United":[38],"Nations":[39],"Sustainable":[40],"Development":[41],"Goals.":[42],"The":[43,124,164,216,253],"association":[44,262],"between":[45,157,224,238,263],"surface":[46,108,125],"island":[49,128],"(SUHI)":[50],"effects":[51,323],"land":[53,82,107,159,187,197,209,265,315],"use/land":[54,83],"cover":[55,84,101,160,188,266],"features":[56],"has":[57],"been":[58],"studied":[59],"extensively,":[60],"but":[61],"situation":[63],"in":[64,95,151,214,249,260,284,294],"tropical":[65,97],"cities":[66],"is":[67],"not":[68,299],"well-understood":[69],"due":[70],"lack":[73],"consistent":[75],"data.":[76,138],"This":[77],"study":[78],"aimed":[79],"explore":[81],"(LULC)":[85],"changes":[86],"their":[88],"impact":[89],"on":[90,135],"thermal":[93,287],"environment":[94],"a":[96,203,246,281,301],"megacity\u2014Karachi,":[98],"Pakistan.":[99],"Land":[100],"maps":[102],"were":[103,149],"produced,":[104],"temperature":[109],"(LST)":[110],"was":[111,131],"estimated":[112],"using":[113],"Landsat":[114],"images":[115],"from":[116,174,205,234],"five":[117],"different":[118,186],"years":[119],"over":[120],"period":[122,182],"2000\u20132020.":[123,183],"intensity":[129],"(SUHII)":[130],"then":[132],"quantified":[133],"based":[134],"LST":[137,232],"Statistical":[139],"analyses,":[140,148],"including":[141],"geographically":[142],"weighted":[143],"regression":[144],"(GWR)":[145],"correlation":[147,217,222],"performed":[150],"order":[152],"analyze":[154],"relationship":[156,303],"composition":[161,267],"LST.":[163,215,252,306],"results":[165],"indicated":[166,219],"built-up":[169,194,228],"area":[170],"Karachi":[172],"increased":[173],"97.6":[175],"km\u00b2":[176,179],"325.33":[178],"during":[180],"Among":[184],"types,":[189],"areas":[191,274],"classified":[192],"as":[193],"or":[195],"bare":[196,208],"exhibited":[198],"highest":[200],"LST,":[201],"change":[204],"vegetation":[206,279,292],"led":[210],"an":[212],"increase":[213],"analysis":[218,255],"coefficients":[223],"normalized":[226],"difference":[227],"index":[229],"(NDBI)":[230],"ranged":[233],"0.14":[235],"0.18":[237],"2000":[239],"2020":[241],"NDBI":[244],"plays":[245],"dominant":[247],"role":[248,283],"influencing":[250],"GWR":[254],"revealed":[256],"spatial":[258],"variation":[259],"SUHII.":[270],"Parks":[271],"with":[272,304],"large":[273],"medium-":[276],"high-density":[278],"play":[280],"significant":[282,302],"regulating":[285],"environment,":[288],"whereas":[289],"scattered":[291],"patches":[293],"core":[297],"do":[298],"have":[300],"These":[307],"findings":[308],"be":[310],"used":[311],"inform":[313],"adaptive":[314],"use":[316],"planning":[317],"aims":[319],"mitigate":[321],"UHI":[326],"aid":[328],"efforts":[329],"achieve":[331],"sustainable":[332],"growth.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-23T07:41:27.035349","created_date":"2022-05-04T00:00:00"}