{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225286314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150","title":"SAR-BagNet: An Ante-hoc Interpretable Recognition Model Based on Deep Network for SAR Image","display_name":"SAR-BagNet: An Ante-hoc Interpretable Recognition Model Based on Deep Network for SAR Image","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225286314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2150/pdf?version=1651310165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2150/pdf?version=1651310165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102726984","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113732232","display_name":"Cunqian Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunqian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080149140","display_name":"Xiaowei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-1619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091904867","display_name":"Zixiang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Early Warning and Detection Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080149140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5908,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85445603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"2150","last_page":"2150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.817726194858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7824665904045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7178618907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6640641093254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6232411861419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5492671132087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36405104398727417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.817726194858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7824665904045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7178618907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6640641093254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6232411861419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5492671132087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36405104398727417}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2150/pdf?version=1651310165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69fc31f8238f495fa0ca099051e5f7ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69fc31f8238f495fa0ca099051e5f7ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 2150 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/9/2150/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2150/pdf?version=1651310165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225286314.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225286314.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038591350","https://openalex.org/W2066737116","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2399062725","https://openalex.org/W2523772278","https://openalex.org/W2556967412","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2783726626","https://openalex.org/W2883279772","https://openalex.org/W2889621419","https://openalex.org/W2913142161","https://openalex.org/W2917889769","https://openalex.org/W2939729114","https://openalex.org/W2941960459","https://openalex.org/W2954537798","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2964612343","https://openalex.org/W3010219363","https://openalex.org/W3094792029","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W3134640075","https://openalex.org/W3136400879","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3145570805","https://openalex.org/W3159164673","https://openalex.org/W3167169752","https://openalex.org/W3198340997","https://openalex.org/W3208988297","https://openalex.org/W3215846555","https://openalex.org/W4206335875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W1986582023","https://openalex.org/W2966829450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2,78],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4,13,61,85],"been":[5,62],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,45,112],"SAR":[9,51,90,126,145],"image":[10,52,73,102,146],"recognition":[11,16,87,123,161],"and":[12,33,72,92,104,163],"achieved":[14],"high":[15,160],"accuracy":[17,162],"on":[18,81,108,147],"some":[19,46],"public":[20],"datasets.":[21],"However,":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,64],"the":[25,28,31,66,99,109,138,148,154],"opacity":[26],"of":[27,35,94,140,143],"decision-making":[29],"mechanism,":[30],"reliability":[32],"credibility":[34],"CNNs":[36],"are":[37,79],"insufficient":[38],"at":[39],"present,":[40],"which":[41,84,118],"hinders":[42],"their":[43],"application":[44],"important":[47],"fields":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50],"recognition.":[53],"In":[54],"recent":[55],"years,":[56],"various":[57],"interpretable":[58,77,122],"network":[59,150],"structures":[60],"proposed":[63],"discern":[65],"relationship":[67,100],"between":[68,101],"a":[69,120,131,144],"CNN\u2019s":[70],"decision":[71],"regions.":[74],"Unfortunately,":[75],"most":[76,93],"based":[80],"optical":[82],"images,":[83,91],"poor":[86],"performance":[88],"for":[89,125,153],"them":[95],"cannot":[96],"accurately":[97,136],"explain":[98],"parts":[103],"classification":[105],"decisions.":[106],"Based":[107],"above":[110],"problems,":[111],"this":[113],"study,":[114],"we":[115],"present":[116],"SAR-BagNet,":[117],"is":[119],"novel":[121],"framework":[124],"images.":[127],"SAR-BagNet":[128,157],"can":[129,135,164],"provide":[130],"clear":[132],"heatmap":[133],"that":[134],"reflect":[137],"impact":[139],"each":[141],"part":[142],"final":[149],"decision.":[151],"Except":[152],"good":[155],"interpretability,":[156],"also":[158],"has":[159],"achieve":[165],"98.25%":[166],"test":[167],"accuracy.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}