{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224316141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037","title":"Forecasting of Built-Up Land Expansion in a Desert Urban Environment","display_name":"Forecasting of Built-Up Land Expansion in a Desert Urban Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224316141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2037/pdf?version=1650714526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2037/pdf?version=1650714526","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012208306","display_name":"Shawky Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG","OM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shawky Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GIS, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Al Shatby, Alexandria 21526, Egypt","Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud P.C., Muscat 123, Oman"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GIS, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Al Shatby, Alexandria 21526, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud P.C., Muscat 123, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056854483","display_name":"Mohammed Alahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4739-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Remote Sensing Technology, Space and Aeronautics Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Remote Sensing Technology, Space and Aeronautics Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000622487","display_name":"Peter M. Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-6880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China","The Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088152786","display_name":"Ashraf Dewan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-5464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Dewan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012208306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738","https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.5599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95677265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"2037","last_page":"2037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.7090063095092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-settlement","display_name":"Human settlement","score":0.6371639370918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.523499071598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.48623648285865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.4518990218639374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4516550302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.44850224256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth","display_name":"Population growth","score":0.4376908838748932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.15287411212921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.09643638134002686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7090063095092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.6371639370918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.523499071598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.48623648285865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.4518990218639374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4516550302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.44850224256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.4376908838748932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15287411212921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09643638134002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2037/pdf?version=1650714526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3c068465a7f4fd8bc9d6d8e0316eccc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3c068465a7f4fd8bc9d6d8e0316eccc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 2037 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/9/2037/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 9; Pages: 2037","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2037/pdf?version=1650714526","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224316141.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224316141.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205422552","https://openalex.org/W589862161","https://openalex.org/W747777283","https://openalex.org/W1512830467","https://openalex.org/W1562878960","https://openalex.org/W1864232817","https://openalex.org/W1965899519","https://openalex.org/W1968885079","https://openalex.org/W1970443926","https://openalex.org/W2000428624","https://openalex.org/W2004174654","https://openalex.org/W2006249338","https://openalex.org/W2010945606","https://openalex.org/W2018142842","https://openalex.org/W2022290260","https://openalex.org/W2029142448","https://openalex.org/W2036681662","https://openalex.org/W2053673832","https://openalex.org/W2055277620","https://openalex.org/W2069854793","https://openalex.org/W2082220750","https://openalex.org/W2097749724","https://openalex.org/W2103305317","https://openalex.org/W2104896032","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2120533912","https://openalex.org/W2121633880","https://openalex.org/W2122506788","https://openalex.org/W2128242212","https://openalex.org/W2131022626","https://openalex.org/W2135822449","https://openalex.org/W2151389381","https://openalex.org/W2160969889","https://openalex.org/W2165780759","https://openalex.org/W2299084831","https://openalex.org/W2318160089","https://openalex.org/W2337354571","https://openalex.org/W2484114084","https://openalex.org/W2610254470","https://openalex.org/W2766513693","https://openalex.org/W2885981543","https://openalex.org/W2890023099","https://openalex.org/W2892719017","https://openalex.org/W2898559674","https://openalex.org/W2904187459","https://openalex.org/W2908390722","https://openalex.org/W2908988533","https://openalex.org/W2912966821","https://openalex.org/W2944105627","https://openalex.org/W2947017190","https://openalex.org/W2952802178","https://openalex.org/W2953919107","https://openalex.org/W2981135530","https://openalex.org/W2996008114","https://openalex.org/W3007769723","https://openalex.org/W3011510852","https://openalex.org/W3011854378","https://openalex.org/W3012204613","https://openalex.org/W3014372673","https://openalex.org/W3015176885","https://openalex.org/W3033750723","https://openalex.org/W3038726535","https://openalex.org/W3040830308","https://openalex.org/W3074750262","https://openalex.org/W3116767385","https://openalex.org/W3138051219","https://openalex.org/W3173110063","https://openalex.org/W4239981055","https://openalex.org/W6762277463","https://openalex.org/W6775001341","https://openalex.org/W6776272827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W2972509471","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"socioeconomic":[3],"transformation":[4],"and":[5,39,49,75,93,118,128,141,143,159,192,218,239,257,270,289,304,308,313,318],"social":[6],"modernisation":[7],"in":[8,20,43,60,66,70,84,106,273,306],"the":[9,85,101,114,165,174,182,214],"Gulf":[10],"Cooperation":[11],"Council":[12],"(GCC)":[13],"states":[14],"have":[15],"led":[16],"to":[17,123,186,207,228,232,279,310],"tremendous":[18],"changes":[19,99,177],"lifestyle":[21],"and,":[22],"subsequently,":[23],"expansion":[24,234,265],"of":[25,51,79,104,146,152,161,168,202,296],"urban":[26,53,64,80,130,157,208,233,264,316],"settlements.":[27],"This":[28,88],"accelerated":[29],"growth":[30,81,131],"is":[31,82,226],"pronounced":[32],"not":[33],"only":[34],"across":[35,100,181],"vegetated":[36],"coasts,":[37],"plains,":[38],"mountains,":[40],"but":[41],"also":[42],"desert":[44,52,71,102,206,245,315,320],"cities.":[45,321],"Nevertheless,":[46],"spatial":[47],"simulation":[48],"prediction":[50],"patterns":[54],"has":[55,266],"received":[56],"little":[57],"attention,":[58],"including":[59,251],"Oman.":[61,107],"While":[62],"most":[63],"settlements":[65],"Oman":[67,307],"are":[68,277],"located":[69],"environments,":[72],"research":[73,89,298],"exploring":[74],"monitoring":[76],"this":[77,297],"type":[78],"rare":[83],"scientific":[86],"literature.":[87],"focuses":[90],"on":[91,150],"analysing":[92],"predicting":[94],"land":[95,203,225],"use\u2013land":[96],"cover":[97],"(LULC)":[98],"city":[103,183],"Ibri":[105],"A":[108],"methodology":[109],"was":[110],"employed":[111],"involving":[112],"integrating":[113],"multilayer":[115],"perceptron":[116],"(MLP)":[117],"Markov":[119],"chain":[120],"(MC)":[121],"techniques":[122],"forecast":[124,198],"spatiotemporal":[125],"LULC":[126,176],"dynamics":[127,317],"map":[129],"patterns.":[132],"The":[133,170,197,294],"inputs":[134],"were":[135,178],"three":[136],"Landsat":[137],"images":[138],"from":[139,205],"2010":[140,185],"2020,":[142,187],"a":[144],"series":[145],"covariate":[147],"layers":[148],"based":[149],"transforms":[151],"elevation,":[153],"slope,":[154],"population":[155],"settlements,":[156],"centres,":[158],"points":[160],"interest":[162],"that":[163,173,200],"proxy":[164],"driving":[166],"forces":[167],"change.":[169],"findings":[171],"indicated":[172],"observed":[175],"predominantly":[179],"rapid":[180],"during":[184,213],"transforming":[188],"desert,":[189],"bare":[190],"land,":[191],"vegetation":[193,255],"into":[194,260],"built-up":[195],"areas.":[196],"showed":[199],"area":[201],"conversion":[204],"would":[209],"be":[210],"5666":[211],"ha":[212,220,236,241,284,291],"next":[215],"two":[216],"decades":[217],"7751":[219],"by":[221,237,242,281,285,292],"2050.":[222,293],"Similarly,":[223],"vacant":[224],"expected":[227,278],"contribute":[229],"large":[230],"areas":[231],"(2370":[235],"2040,":[238],"3266":[240],"2050),":[243],"although":[244],"cities":[246],"confront":[247],"numerous":[248],"environmental":[249],"challenges,":[250],"water":[252],"scarcity,":[253],"shrinking":[254],"cover,":[256],"being":[258],"converted":[259],"residential":[261],"land.":[262],"Massive":[263],"consequences":[267],"for":[268,302],"biodiversity":[269],"natural":[271],"ecosystems\u2014particularly":[272],"green":[274],"areas,":[275],"which":[276],"decline":[280],"approximately":[282],"107":[283],"2040":[286],"(i.e.,":[287],"10%)":[288],"166":[290],"outcomes":[295],"provide":[299],"fundamental":[300],"guidance":[301],"decision-makers":[303],"planners":[305],"elsewhere":[309],"effectively":[311],"monitor":[312],"manage":[314],"sustainable":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}
