{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224271914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953","title":"Predicting Landslides Susceptible Zones in the Lesser Himalayas by Ensemble of Per Pixel and Object-Based Models","display_name":"Predicting Landslides Susceptible Zones in the Lesser Himalayas by Ensemble of Per Pixel and Object-Based Models","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224271914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1953/pdf?version=1650296079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1953/pdf?version=1650296079","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074195678","display_name":"Ujjwal Sur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-7073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Sur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity Institute of Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing, Amity University-Sector 125, Noida 201313, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity Institute of Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing, Amity University-Sector 125, Noida 201313, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091523732","display_name":"Prafull Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-8751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I343503978","display_name":"Central University of South Bihar","ror":"https://ror.org/01t1agx36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I343503978"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prafull Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I343503978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045667203","display_name":"Sansar Raj Meena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sansar Raj Meena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021599293","display_name":"T. N. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-8703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trilok Nath Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045667203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.6859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9545194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"1953","last_page":"1953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.7813320755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-density","display_name":"Drainage density","score":0.5095363259315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5031635165214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-power","display_name":"Stream power","score":0.44056373834609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4245867133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4235288202762604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.2667422890663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19695541262626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.1270679533481598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.7813320755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779989982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5305552","display_name":"Drainage density","level":3,"score":0.5095363259315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5031635165214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780699913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622670","display_name":"Stream power","level":3,"score":0.44056373834609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4245867133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4235288202762604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2667422890663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19695541262626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.1270679533481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1953/pdf?version=1650296079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:84cfb3293cdf459c96f99eda8405fb0e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/84cfb3293cdf459c96f99eda8405fb0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 1953 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/8/1953/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1953","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3449425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3449425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1953/pdf?version=1650296079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224271914.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224271914.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144647714","https://openalex.org/W1964262728","https://openalex.org/W1965920041","https://openalex.org/W1971612201","https://openalex.org/W1973709872","https://openalex.org/W1982137558","https://openalex.org/W1984335916","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1985245433","https://openalex.org/W1985288162","https://openalex.org/W1987342969","https://openalex.org/W1987347924","https://openalex.org/W1987477800","https://openalex.org/W1989255998","https://openalex.org/W1993257314","https://openalex.org/W1996346433","https://openalex.org/W2002120124","https://openalex.org/W2009167816","https://openalex.org/W2009448209","https://openalex.org/W2010419841","https://openalex.org/W2018459837","https://openalex.org/W2028124403","https://openalex.org/W2035747501","https://openalex.org/W2044579603","https://openalex.org/W2053449690","https://openalex.org/W2057039778","https://openalex.org/W2058082754","https://openalex.org/W2059218273","https://openalex.org/W2059536960","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2063958435","https://openalex.org/W2063987149","https://openalex.org/W2066685935","https://openalex.org/W2069930921","https://openalex.org/W2074872086","https://openalex.org/W2077483615","https://openalex.org/W2079185991","https://openalex.org/W2084993762","https://openalex.org/W2095028777","https://openalex.org/W2103079830","https://openalex.org/W2115687032","https://openalex.org/W2117350110","https://openalex.org/W2129163476","https://openalex.org/W2138612078","https://openalex.org/W2175159455","https://openalex.org/W2205158676","https://openalex.org/W2243686343","https://openalex.org/W2254271618","https://openalex.org/W2286377789","https://openalex.org/W2287788949","https://openalex.org/W2320371513","https://openalex.org/W2336933381","https://openalex.org/W2470715014","https://openalex.org/W2542420325","https://openalex.org/W2574696781","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2600059598","https://openalex.org/W2612735299","https://openalex.org/W2738899831","https://openalex.org/W2773213923","https://openalex.org/W2775745878","https://openalex.org/W2790195823","https://openalex.org/W2792324107","https://openalex.org/W2792546905","https://openalex.org/W2794504348","https://openalex.org/W2795429897","https://openalex.org/W2800939639","https://openalex.org/W2802962687","https://openalex.org/W2805797923","https://openalex.org/W2843187870","https://openalex.org/W2883477474","https://openalex.org/W2888067248","https://openalex.org/W2892289985","https://openalex.org/W2895104627","https://openalex.org/W2905564388","https://openalex.org/W2910617780","https://openalex.org/W2913591068","https://openalex.org/W2913731472","https://openalex.org/W2914116648","https://openalex.org/W2929083129","https://openalex.org/W2934708281","https://openalex.org/W2944926649","https://openalex.org/W2951169526","https://openalex.org/W2963863130","https://openalex.org/W2965644148","https://openalex.org/W2969338104","https://openalex.org/W2980376317","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W2983899555","https://openalex.org/W2984248680","https://openalex.org/W2984988265","https://openalex.org/W2994312904","https://openalex.org/W2998709485","https://openalex.org/W2999015335","https://openalex.org/W3006277017","https://openalex.org/W3013755715","https://openalex.org/W3015351360","https://openalex.org/W3032085848","https://openalex.org/W3035498421","https://openalex.org/W3036638755","https://openalex.org/W3041064370","https://openalex.org/W3094774004","https://openalex.org/W3097953346","https://openalex.org/W3118445290","https://openalex.org/W3120574494","https://openalex.org/W3128596250","https://openalex.org/W3129838958","https://openalex.org/W3133392705","https://openalex.org/W3135443170","https://openalex.org/W3158481481","https://openalex.org/W3165640980","https://openalex.org/W3185390069","https://openalex.org/W3201370137","https://openalex.org/W3206645808","https://openalex.org/W3210878344","https://openalex.org/W3212067766","https://openalex.org/W4200192350","https://openalex.org/W4213060692","https://openalex.org/W4214528502","https://openalex.org/W6757948805","https://openalex.org/W6778656622","https://openalex.org/W6791322762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013341039","https://openalex.org/W2098724638","https://openalex.org/W2890445986","https://openalex.org/W2981474535","https://openalex.org/W3195361780","https://openalex.org/W1963921604","https://openalex.org/W2947023351","https://openalex.org/W1192997862","https://openalex.org/W2073350698","https://openalex.org/W2051566665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landslide":[0],"susceptibility":[1,46,101],"is":[2,28],"a":[3,56,281],"contemporary":[4,57],"method":[5,86,251],"for":[6,19,49,91,142,256],"delineation":[7],"of":[8,25,195,207],"landslide":[9,45,100,104,185,214],"hazard":[10],"zones":[11],"and":[12,21,72,78,132,137,155,165,188,212,260,270,289],"holistically":[13],"mitigating":[14],"the":[15,33,37,50,63,82,92,99,143,169,182,193,196,199,223,237,249,268,275,286,294],"future":[16,257],"landslides":[17,145,292],"risks":[18],"planning":[20],"decision-making.":[22],"The":[23,139,174,218,244,262],"significance":[24],"this":[26],"study":[27,61,264],"that":[29,222,248],"it":[30,80],"would":[31],"be":[32,41],"first":[34],"instance":[35],"when":[36],"\u2018geon\u2019":[38],"model":[39,197],"will":[40],"attempted":[42],"to":[43,87,134,180,284],"delineate":[44],"map":[47],"(LSM)":[48],"complex":[51],"lesser":[52,93],"Himalayan":[53,94],"topography":[54],"as":[55],"LSM":[58,90],"technique.":[59],"This":[60],"adopted":[62,179],"per-pixel-based":[64],"ensemble":[65],"approaches":[66,239],"through":[67,204],"modified":[68],"frequency":[69],"ratio":[70],"(MFR)":[71],"fuzzy":[73],"analytical":[74],"hierarchy":[75],"process":[76],"(FAHP)":[77],"compared":[79],"with":[81],"\u2018geons\u2019":[83],"(object-based)":[84],"aggregation":[85],"produce":[88],"an":[89],"Kalsi-Chakrata":[95],"road":[96],"corridor.":[97],"For":[98],"models,":[102],"14":[103],"conditioning":[105,189],"factors":[106],"were":[107,146,161,178],"carefully":[108],"chosen;":[109],"namely,":[110],"slope,":[111],"slope":[112],"aspect,":[113],"elevation,":[114],"lithology,":[115],"rainfall,":[116],"seismicity,":[117],"normalized":[118],"differential":[119],"vegetation":[120],"index,":[121,124,131],"stream":[122],"power":[123],"land":[125],"use/land":[126],"cover,":[127],"soil,":[128],"topographical":[129],"wetness":[130],"proximity":[133],"drainage,":[135],"road,":[136],"fault.":[138],"inventory":[140,159],"data":[141,160],"past":[144],"derived":[147],"from":[148,291],"preceding":[149],"satellite":[150],"images,":[151],"intensive":[152],"field":[153],"surveys,":[154],"validation":[156],"surveys.":[157],"These":[158],"divided":[162],"into":[163],"training":[164,186],"test":[166],"datasets":[167],"following":[168],"commonly":[170],"accepted":[171],"70:30":[172],"ratio.":[173],"GIS-based":[175],"statistical":[176,205],"techniques":[177],"establish":[181],"correlation":[183],"between":[184],"sites":[187],"factors.":[190],"To":[191],"determine":[192],"accuracy":[194,201,219,229],"output,":[198],"LSMs":[200],"was":[202],"validated":[203],"methods":[206,226],"receiver":[208],"operating":[209],"characteristics":[210],"(ROC)":[211],"relative":[213],"density":[215],"index":[216],"(R-index).":[217],"results":[220,245],"indicate":[221],"object-based":[224],"geon":[225,233,250],"produced":[227],"higher":[228],"(geon":[230],"FAHP:":[231],"0.934;":[232],"MFR:":[234,242],"0.910)":[235],"over":[236],"per-pixel":[238],"(FAHP:":[240],"0.887;":[241],"0.841).":[243],"noticeably":[246],"showed":[247],"constructs":[252],"significant":[253],"regional":[254,271],"units":[255],"mitigation":[258,278],"strategies":[259],"development.":[261],"present":[263],"may":[265],"significantly":[266],"benefit":[267],"decision-makers":[269],"planners":[272],"in":[273,293],"selecting":[274],"appropriate":[276],"risk":[277],"procedures":[279],"at":[280],"local":[282],"scale":[283],"counter":[285],"potential":[287],"damages":[288],"losses":[290],"area.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}
