{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224288490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909","title":"Weighted Mean Temperature Modelling Using Regional Radiosonde Observations for the Yangtze River Delta Region in China","display_name":"Weighted Mean Temperature Modelling Using Regional Radiosonde Observations for the Yangtze River Delta Region in China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224288490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1909/pdf?version=1650012484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1909/pdf?version=1650012484","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408450","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-4621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou Navigation and Environmental Remote Sensing, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou 215009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou Navigation and Environmental Remote Sensing, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou 215009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112231335","display_name":"Yuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075435447","display_name":"Qimin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-1035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qimin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou Navigation and Environmental Remote Sensing, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou 215009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou Navigation and Environmental Remote Sensing, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou 215009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377908","display_name":"Xiaoming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-6630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100408450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.7362,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95348482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"1909","last_page":"1909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.932106614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8149492740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yangtze-river","display_name":"Yangtze river","score":0.6724709272384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6068020462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.5874941349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitable-water","display_name":"Precipitable water","score":0.5234596133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-factor","display_name":"Conversion factor","score":0.5007646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4983673095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.46026211977005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4488424062728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.44654184579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta","display_name":"Delta","score":0.4114932715892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.27688851952552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.25908976793289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.25039637088775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24547678232192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20454338192939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17630928754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1547147035598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1197945773601532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.932106614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8149492740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018003528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5413","display_name":"Yangtze river","level":3,"score":0.6724709272384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6068020462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.5874941349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156008332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778526","display_name":"Precipitable water","level":3,"score":0.5234596133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111726211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618655","display_name":"Conversion factor","level":2,"score":0.5007646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4983673095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.46026211977005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4488424062728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.44654184579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.4114932715892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.27688851952552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.25908976793289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.25039637088775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24547678232192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20454338192939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17630928754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1547147035598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1197945773601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1909/pdf?version=1650012484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b11fb49a73d44a409412e34c83ab00a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b11fb49a73d44a409412e34c83ab00a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 1909 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/8/1909/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1909","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1909/pdf?version=1650012484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3294722263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA17010304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310258","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224288490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224288490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W929934122","https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1577430203","https://openalex.org/W1994915943","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W2001402809","https://openalex.org/W2027045817","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2070689282","https://openalex.org/W2083606846","https://openalex.org/W2107442290","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2115359869","https://openalex.org/W2149237966","https://openalex.org/W2160694968","https://openalex.org/W2168883471","https://openalex.org/W2169507597","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2194644153","https://openalex.org/W2284447156","https://openalex.org/W2291731546","https://openalex.org/W2296824398","https://openalex.org/W2317421783","https://openalex.org/W2319587545","https://openalex.org/W2346521893","https://openalex.org/W2348938258","https://openalex.org/W2387014817","https://openalex.org/W2388813008","https://openalex.org/W2407765030","https://openalex.org/W2411271963","https://openalex.org/W2465131005","https://openalex.org/W2479334908","https://openalex.org/W2563722572","https://openalex.org/W2566058993","https://openalex.org/W2735410338","https://openalex.org/W2743536755","https://openalex.org/W3112604852","https://openalex.org/W3213625331","https://openalex.org/W4205251848","https://openalex.org/W6611382325","https://openalex.org/W6713870022","https://openalex.org/W6805394587","https://openalex.org/W7054866908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481473004","https://openalex.org/W1985945086","https://openalex.org/W1967780271","https://openalex.org/W2023025733","https://openalex.org/W3198254179","https://openalex.org/W2384996032","https://openalex.org/W2383715713","https://openalex.org/W2383463955","https://openalex.org/W2090013668","https://openalex.org/W2389996068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precipitable":[0],"water":[1,45],"vapor":[2,46],"can":[3],"be":[4],"estimated":[5],"from":[6,65],"the":[7,33,54,70,94,97,101,124,146,151,157,185,188,215],"Global":[8],"Navigation":[9],"Satellite":[10],"System":[11],"(GNSS)":[12],"signal\u2019s":[13],"zenith":[14],"wet":[15],"delay":[16],"(ZWD)":[17],"by":[18,60,114,135,163],"multiplying":[19],"a":[20,25],"conversion":[21,213],"factor,":[22],"which":[23],"is":[24,38,58,177],"function":[26],"of":[27,75,103,126,156,172,187],"weighted":[28],"mean":[29,152],"temperature":[30],"(Tm)":[31],"over":[32],"GNSS":[34,43],"station.":[35],"Obtaining":[36],"Tm":[37,57,89,205],"an":[39],"important":[40],"step":[41],"in":[42,69,214],"precipitable":[44],"(PWV)":[47],"conversion.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"study,":[51],"aiming":[52],"at":[53],"problem":[55],"that":[56,100],"affected":[59],"space":[61],"and":[62,85,109,119,130,140,154,166,206],"time,":[63],"observations":[64],"seven":[66],"radiosonde":[67],"stations":[68],"Yangtze":[71,216],"River":[72,217],"Delta":[73,218],"region":[74],"China":[76],"during":[77],"2015\u22122016":[78],"were":[79],"used":[80],"to":[81,179,193,209],"establish":[82],"both":[83],"linear":[84,149,158,180,189,196],"nonlinear":[86,173],"multifactor":[87],"regional":[88],"model":[90],"(RTM).":[91],"Compared":[92,144],"with":[93,145],"Bevis":[95],"model,":[96],"results":[98],"showed":[99],"bias":[102,153],"yearly":[104,127,147],"one-factor":[105],"RTM,":[106,150],"two-factor":[107,129],"RTM":[108,111,132],"three-factor":[110,131,148,160,175,182,198],"was":[112,133],"reduced":[113,134],"0.55":[115],"K,":[116,121,137,142,168],"0.68":[117],"K":[118,139,165],"0.69":[120],"respectively.":[122,143,169],"Meanwhile,":[123],"RMSE":[125,155],"one-factor,":[128],"0.56":[136],"0.80":[138],"0.83":[141],"seasonal":[159,174,181,197],"RTMs":[161,176,190,199],"decreased":[162],"0.06":[164],"0.10":[167],"The":[170],"precision":[171],"comparable":[178],"RTMs,":[183],"but":[184],"expressions":[186],"are":[191,200,207],"easier":[192],"use.":[194],"Therefore,":[195],"more":[201],"suitable":[202],"for":[203,211],"calculating":[204],"recommended":[208],"use":[210],"PWV":[212],"region.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}