{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223577373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831","title":"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sawa Lake\u2019s Physical Parameters between (1985\u20132020) and Drought Investigations Using Landsat Imageries","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sawa Lake\u2019s Physical Parameters between (1985\u20132020) and Drought Investigations Using Landsat Imageries","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223577373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1831/pdf?version=1649670345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1831/pdf?version=1649670345","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083253359","display_name":"Yousif A. Mousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-9995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800497579","display_name":"CRC for Spatial information","ror":"https://ror.org/022482e21","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800497579"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I501048437","display_name":"Al-Muthanna University","ror":"https://ror.org/03877wr45","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I501048437"]}],"countries":["AU","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yousif A. Mousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Al-Muthanna, Iraq","School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Al-Muthanna, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I501048437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800497579","https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058217146","display_name":"Ali Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-4259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I501048437","display_name":"Al-Muthanna University","ror":"https://ror.org/03877wr45","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I501048437"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali F. Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, College of Education for Humanity Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Al-Muthanna, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, College of Education for Humanity Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Al-Muthanna, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I501048437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072672742","display_name":"Petra Helmholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-3119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800497579","display_name":"CRC for Spatial information","ror":"https://ror.org/022482e21","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800497579"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petra Helmholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800497579","https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083253359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436","https://openalex.org/I2800497579","https://openalex.org/I501048437"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8898,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70787736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"1831","last_page":"1831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5100937485694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5040587186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.46890202164649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accretion","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","score":0.4655386209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4151313006877899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3304513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3199942111968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26470404863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.062351495027542114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5100937485694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5040587186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.46890202164649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3756855","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4655386209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4151313006877899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3304513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3199942111968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26470404863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.062351495027542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1831/pdf?version=1649670345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f78338db7784f6eaeca6b44e6752f51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f78338db7784f6eaeca6b44e6752f51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 1831 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/8/1831/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1831","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1831/pdf?version=1649670345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320987","display_name":"Curtin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329495","display_name":"Al-Muthanna University","ror":"https://ror.org/03877wr45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223577373.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223577373.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885871731","https://openalex.org/W1984801545","https://openalex.org/W2020795785","https://openalex.org/W2032792527","https://openalex.org/W2047185150","https://openalex.org/W2068371329","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2160489726","https://openalex.org/W2181355678","https://openalex.org/W2523468043","https://openalex.org/W2548647939","https://openalex.org/W2747017759","https://openalex.org/W2784776647","https://openalex.org/W2800686776","https://openalex.org/W2905480838","https://openalex.org/W2908045624","https://openalex.org/W2923063332","https://openalex.org/W2943151410","https://openalex.org/W2966742740","https://openalex.org/W2995895428","https://openalex.org/W3096208238","https://openalex.org/W3111196403","https://openalex.org/W3156811530","https://openalex.org/W3196968202","https://openalex.org/W6685575056","https://openalex.org/W6757465792","https://openalex.org/W6762247359","https://openalex.org/W6767295728","https://openalex.org/W6786599784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355956201","https://openalex.org/W2051797732","https://openalex.org/W2327874825","https://openalex.org/W2386195957","https://openalex.org/W2351852648","https://openalex.org/W2613051533","https://openalex.org/W2349774843","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W2775541961","https://openalex.org/W2357767255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lake":[0,58,104,238],"Sawa":[1,59,105],"located":[2],"in":[3,31,51,72,144,151,194,212],"Southwest":[4],"Iraq":[5],"is":[6,34,60,134,188,223],"a":[7,61,224],"unique":[8],"natural":[9],"landscape":[10],"and":[11,15,24,27,49,101,123,148,234],"without":[12],"visible":[13],"inflow":[14],"outflow":[16],"from":[17,157],"its":[18,70,90,158],"surrounding":[19,197],"regions.":[20],"Investigating":[21],"the":[22,28,32,38,73,76,79,98,130,141,145,149,168,191,198,205,229,235],"environmental":[23],"physical":[25],"dynamics":[26],"hydrological":[29,41],"changes":[30],"lake":[33,80,169],"crucial":[35],"to":[36,46,85,173,190,215],"understanding":[37],"impact":[39],"of":[40,89,103,132,140,163,231,237],"changes,":[42],"as":[43,45],"well":[44],"inform":[47],"planning":[48],"management":[50],"extreme":[52],"weather":[53],"events":[54],"or":[55],"drought":[56,236],"conditions.":[57],"saltwater":[62],"lake,":[63],"covering":[64],"about":[65],"4.9":[66],"square":[67],"kilometers":[68],"at":[69],"largest":[71],"1980s.":[74],"In":[75],"last":[77],"decade,":[78],"has":[81,201],"dried":[82],"out,":[83],"shrinking":[84],"less":[86],"than":[87,137],"75%":[88],"average":[91],"size.":[92],"This":[93],"contribution":[94],"focuses":[95],"on":[96],"calculating":[97],"bank":[99],"erosion":[100],"accretion":[102,133],"utilizing":[106],"remote":[107],"sensing":[108],"data":[109],"captured":[110],"by":[111,210],"Landsat":[112],"platforms":[113],"(1985\u20132020).":[114],"The":[115,126],"methodology":[116],"was":[117],"validated":[118],"using":[119],"higher-resolution":[120],"Sentinel":[121],"imagery":[122],"field":[124],"surveys.":[125],"outcomes":[127],"indicated":[128],"that":[129,182,204,221],"area":[131],"significantly":[135],"higher":[136],"erosion,":[138],"especially":[139,164],"lake\u2019s":[142],"banks":[143],"far":[146],"north":[147],"south,":[150],"which":[152],"1.31":[153],"km2":[154],"are":[155],"lost":[156],"surface":[159],"area.":[160],"Further":[161],"analysis":[162,219],"agricultural":[165],"areas":[166,196],"around":[167],"have":[170,208],"been":[171,202],"performed":[172],"better":[174],"understand":[175],"possible":[176,184],"reasons":[177],"causing":[178],"droughts.":[179],"Investigations":[180],"revealed":[181,220],"one":[183],"reason":[185],"behind":[186],"droughts":[187],"related":[189],"rapid":[192],"increase":[193],"agriculture":[195,206,232],"lake.":[199],"It":[200],"found":[203],"lands":[207,233],"expanded":[209],"475%":[211],"2020":[213],"compared":[214],"2010.":[216],"Linear":[217],"regression":[218],"there":[222],"high":[225],"correlation":[226],"(69%)":[227],"between":[228],"expanding":[230],"Sawa.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}