{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226484022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788","title":"Ensemble Machine Learning Outperforms Empirical Equations for the Ground Heat Flux Estimation with Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"Ensemble Machine Learning Outperforms Empirical Equations for the Ground Heat Flux Estimation with Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226484022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1788/pdf?version=1649842679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1788/pdf?version=1649842679","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074271528","display_name":"Josep Bonsoms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-9095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Bonsoms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain","UB - Universitat de Barcelona (Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona - Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UB - Universitat de Barcelona (Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona - Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027171976","display_name":"Gilles Boulet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100083","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/01225hq90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210100083","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4412460029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Boulet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre d\u2019Etudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re (CESBIO), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, UT3, 31500 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d\u2019Etudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re (CESBIO), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, UT3, 31500 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100083","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027171976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210100083","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6335492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"1788","last_page":"1788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.8726431131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6273509860038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-covariance","display_name":"Eddy covariance","score":0.5598132014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-modelling","display_name":"Empirical modelling","score":0.505301296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.45284971594810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cycle","display_name":"Water cycle","score":0.41439539194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.40473100543022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.371760755777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19651958346366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13413873314857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10096603631973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.09888613224029541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.8726431131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6273509860038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35187779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5336709","display_name":"Eddy covariance","level":3,"score":0.5598132014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133199616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25386885","display_name":"Empirical modelling","level":2,"score":0.505301296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.45284971594810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133830359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81041","display_name":"Water cycle","level":2,"score":0.41439539194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.40473100543022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.371760755777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19651958346366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13413873314857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10096603631973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.09888613224029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1788/pdf?version=1649842679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04784341v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04784341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2022, 14 (8), pp.1788. &#x27E8;10.3390/rs14081788&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96f91acb4915466195b9bb0e0667d80a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96f91acb4915466195b9bb0e0667d80a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 1788 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/8/1788/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1788","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14081788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/8/1788/pdf?version=1649842679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1251470606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRISHNA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321519","funder_display_name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2776672689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-SGR-1102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4419593450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-SGR-1102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323428","funder_display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786115336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-SGR-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G526428266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TOSCA project TRISHNA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321519","funder_display_name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321519","display_name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323428","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226484022.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226484022.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151574373","https://openalex.org/W154341529","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1752626349","https://openalex.org/W1972871319","https://openalex.org/W1974322340","https://openalex.org/W1996390301","https://openalex.org/W2011095271","https://openalex.org/W2018318189","https://openalex.org/W2023398114","https://openalex.org/W2027694964","https://openalex.org/W2031563646","https://openalex.org/W2032530979","https://openalex.org/W2035147677","https://openalex.org/W2043361766","https://openalex.org/W2047884674","https://openalex.org/W2051301384","https://openalex.org/W2055308682","https://openalex.org/W2057615717","https://openalex.org/W2058894897","https://openalex.org/W2059712617","https://openalex.org/W2061003790","https://openalex.org/W2069201244","https://openalex.org/W2083846317","https://openalex.org/W2094024081","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101298930","https://openalex.org/W2110551389","https://openalex.org/W2111336191","https://openalex.org/W2112084935","https://openalex.org/W2118853945","https://openalex.org/W2122848956","https://openalex.org/W2124517315","https://openalex.org/W2132971347","https://openalex.org/W2140771117","https://openalex.org/W2143803275","https://openalex.org/W2148096042","https://openalex.org/W2158415615","https://openalex.org/W2164254717","https://openalex.org/W2167128818","https://openalex.org/W2170131807","https://openalex.org/W2170592012","https://openalex.org/W2298779432","https://openalex.org/W2362419010","https://openalex.org/W2516603452","https://openalex.org/W2557971747","https://openalex.org/W2725444395","https://openalex.org/W2755062372","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2900812559","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2914931835","https://openalex.org/W2920819147","https://openalex.org/W2991713810","https://openalex.org/W3033397509","https://openalex.org/W3169154102","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6759607005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361530185","https://openalex.org/W3158180912","https://openalex.org/W4390762142","https://openalex.org/W4221005137","https://openalex.org/W2052098162","https://openalex.org/W2866131489","https://openalex.org/W2392989395","https://openalex.org/W2586359268","https://openalex.org/W2000196400","https://openalex.org/W1979723077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"evapotranspiration":[1,33],"at":[2,27],"the":[3,16,24,38,41,48,54,68,74,77,94,97,136,162,167,196,201,212,237,240,243,266,282,287,311,320,325,340,347],"field":[4],"scale":[5],"is":[6,34,67,229],"a":[7,179],"major":[8,21],"component":[9],"of":[10,23,40,47,79,96,138,153,173,182,214,224,232,245,324],"sustainable":[11],"water":[12,25],"management.":[13],"Due":[14],"to":[15,18,134],"difficulty":[17],"assess":[19],"some":[20],"unknowns":[22],"cycle":[26],"that":[28,193,199,211],"scale,":[29],"including":[30,188],"irrigation":[31],"amounts,":[32],"often":[35],"computed":[36],"as":[37,336],"residual":[39],"instantaneous":[42],"surface":[43,120],"energy":[44],"budget.":[45],"One":[46],"Surface":[49],"Energy":[50],"Balance":[51],"components":[52],"with":[53,81,90,119,140,247,331],"largest":[55],"uncertainties":[56],"in":[57,117,216,242,253],"their":[58],"quantification":[59],"over":[60],"bare":[61,217,276],"soils":[62,218,277],"and":[63,99,123,166,184,203,219,271,278,292,334,343],"sparse":[64,220,279],"vegetation":[65,111,221,233,280],"areas":[66,198,222,256,281],"ground":[69],"heat":[70],"flux":[71],"(G).":[72],"Over":[73],"last":[75],"decades,":[76],"estimation":[78,137,244],"G":[80,98,139,215,246,296,318],"remote":[82],"sensing":[83],"(RS)":[84],"data":[85,112,189],"has":[86],"been":[87],"mainly":[88],"achieved":[89],"empirical":[91,107,115,127,148,273,283,304,321],"equations,":[92,322],"on":[93,307],"basis":[95],"net":[100],"radiation":[101],"(Rn)":[102],"ratio,":[103],"G/Rn.":[104],"The":[105,171],"G/Rn":[106,147],"equations":[108,149],"generally":[109],"require":[110],"(Type":[113,125],"I":[114,270],"equations),":[116],"combination":[118],"temperature":[121],"(Ts)":[122],"albedo":[124],"II":[126,272],"equations).":[128],"In":[129,298],"this":[130],"article,":[131],"we":[132,144],"aim":[133],"evaluate":[135],"RS":[141],"data.":[142],"Here,":[143],"compared":[145],"eight":[146],"against":[150],"two":[151],"types":[152],"machine":[154],"learning":[155],"(ML)":[156],"methods:":[157],"an":[158,302],"ensemble":[159],"ML":[160,315],"type,":[161],"Random":[163],"Forest":[164],"(RF),":[165],"Neural":[168],"Networks":[169],"(NN).":[170],"comparison":[172],"each":[174],"method":[175],"was":[176],"evaluated":[177],"using":[178],"wide":[180],"range":[181],"climate":[183],"land":[185],"cover":[186],"datasets,":[187],"from":[190],"Eddy-Covariance":[191],"towers":[192],"extend":[194],"along":[195],"mid-latitude":[197],"encompass":[200],"European":[202],"African":[204],"continents.":[205],"Our":[206],"results":[207],"have":[208],"shown":[209],"evidence":[210],"driver":[213],"(Fraction":[223],"Vegetation,":[225],"Fv":[226,251,308,326],"\u2264":[227],"0.25)":[228],"Ts,":[230],"instead":[231],"greenness":[234],"indexes.":[235],"On":[236],"other":[238],"hand,":[239],"accuracy":[241,342],"Rn,":[248,332],"Ts":[249,293,335],"or":[250],"decreases":[252],"densely":[254,299],"vegetated":[255,300],"(Fv":[257],"\u2265":[258],"0.50).":[259],"There":[260],"are":[261],"no":[262],"significant":[263],"differences":[264],"between":[265],"most":[267],"accurate":[268],"Type":[269],"equations.":[274],"For":[275],"equation":[284,305],"which":[285],"combines":[286],"Leaf":[288],"Area":[289],"Index":[290],"(LAI)":[291],"(E7)":[294],"estimates":[295,317],"best.":[297],"areas,":[301],"exponential":[303],"based":[306],"(E4),":[309],"shows":[310,339],"best":[312,341],"performance.":[313],"However,":[314],"better":[316],"than":[319],"independently":[323],"ranges.":[327],"An":[328],"RF":[329],"model":[330],"LAI":[333],"predictor":[337],"variables":[338],"performance":[344],"metrics,":[345],"outperforming":[346],"NN":[348],"model.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
