{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225321548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737","title":"A Novel Method for Fast Kernel Minimum Noise Fraction Transformation in Hyperspectral Image Dimensionality Reduction","display_name":"A Novel Method for Fast Kernel Minimum Noise Fraction Transformation in Hyperspectral Image Dimensionality Reduction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225321548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1737/pdf?version=1649238133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1737/pdf?version=1649238133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051265102","display_name":"Tianru Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-6402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianru Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741369","display_name":"Yueming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China","Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029622894","display_name":"Xuan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-0590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100741369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I4210135723","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3391,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60977265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1737","last_page":"1737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561228632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6264719367027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5986534357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5510247945785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5301343202590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.48452991247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.4505293667316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.4311654567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4256003499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4173333942890167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39331722259521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35683178901672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.2807367146015167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25019362568855286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561228632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6264719367027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5986534357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5510247945785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5301343202590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.48452991247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.4505293667316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.4311654567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4256003499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4173333942890167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39331722259521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35683178901672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2807367146015167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25019362568855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1737/pdf?version=1649238133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23e662064c114e5ba3195da34151f5c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23e662064c114e5ba3195da34151f5c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1737 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1737/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1737/pdf?version=1649238133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2378977891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61627804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2805590937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D040102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326981","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336006","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225321548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225321548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1866293716","https://openalex.org/W1993022127","https://openalex.org/W2005871861","https://openalex.org/W2012255037","https://openalex.org/W2017288758","https://openalex.org/W2024194293","https://openalex.org/W2025522544","https://openalex.org/W2038304857","https://openalex.org/W2044439250","https://openalex.org/W2047029347","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2071821878","https://openalex.org/W2072187267","https://openalex.org/W2074342013","https://openalex.org/W2088657558","https://openalex.org/W2093126287","https://openalex.org/W2099415174","https://openalex.org/W2111282613","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2127229869","https://openalex.org/W2136625467","https://openalex.org/W2141567889","https://openalex.org/W2143277109","https://openalex.org/W2145834005","https://openalex.org/W2150566919","https://openalex.org/W2150990614","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2259940695","https://openalex.org/W2316226477","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2526295953","https://openalex.org/W2529185266","https://openalex.org/W2530006000","https://openalex.org/W2574404198","https://openalex.org/W2600941572","https://openalex.org/W2616976651","https://openalex.org/W2793218933","https://openalex.org/W2912083599","https://openalex.org/W2950325582","https://openalex.org/W2977002487","https://openalex.org/W2991104251","https://openalex.org/W3034053233","https://openalex.org/W3048029844","https://openalex.org/W3093769730","https://openalex.org/W3120356488","https://openalex.org/W3181335820","https://openalex.org/W3183280063","https://openalex.org/W3211286615","https://openalex.org/W4221136930","https://openalex.org/W4313169793","https://openalex.org/W6676930901","https://openalex.org/W6784725229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292979300","https://openalex.org/W3000465807","https://openalex.org/W4394663664","https://openalex.org/W2351582470","https://openalex.org/W1980227981","https://openalex.org/W1984421104","https://openalex.org/W2512565647","https://openalex.org/W2001772920","https://openalex.org/W2393746448","https://openalex.org/W2905418897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"extraction,":[1],"aiming":[2],"to":[3,41,51,137,164,181],"simplify":[4],"and":[5,77,104,131,183,193,228],"optimize":[6],"data":[7,43,50,199],"features,":[8],"is":[9,27,82,150,162],"a":[10,18,52,58,99,153,198],"typical":[11],"hyperspectral":[12],"image":[13],"dimensionality":[14],"reduction":[15],"technique.":[16],"As":[17],"kernel-based":[19],"method,":[20],"kernel":[21,39,123],"minimum":[22],"noise":[23],"fraction":[24],"(KMNF)":[25],"transformation":[26,69,111,127],"excellent":[28],"at":[29],"handling":[30],"the":[31,38,48,71,86,114,118,121,129,134,139,143,147,167,207,220],"nonlinear":[32],"features":[33],"within":[34],"HSIs.":[35],"It":[36,81],"adopts":[37],"function":[40],"ensure":[42],"linear":[44,59],"separability":[45],"by":[46,128,187,214],"transforming":[47],"original":[49],"higher":[53],"feature":[54,226],"space,":[55],"following":[56],"which":[57],"analysis":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"performed":[63],"in":[64,125,146,189,225],"this":[65,94,96],"space.":[66],"However,":[67],"KMNF":[68,110,126,176],"has":[70],"problem":[72],"of":[73,88,93,120,133,179,201,210,223],"high":[74],"computational":[75,140],"complexity":[76],"low":[78],"execution":[79,168,208,229],"efficiency.":[80,169,230],"not":[83],"suitable":[84],"for":[85,108],"processing":[87,101],"large-scale":[89],"datasets.":[90],"In":[91],"terms":[92],"problem,":[95],"paper":[97],"proposes":[98],"graphics":[100],"unit":[102],"(GPU)":[103],"Nystr\u00f6m":[105,115,148],"method-based":[106],"algorithm":[107],"Fast":[109],"(GNKMNF).":[112],"First,":[113],"method":[116,149],"estimates":[117],"eigenvector":[119],"entire":[122],"matrix":[124,136],"decomposition":[130],"extrapolation":[132],"sub-kernel":[135],"reduce":[138],"complexity.":[141],"Then,":[142],"sample":[144],"size":[145,200],"determined":[151],"utilizing":[152],"proportional":[154],"gradient":[155],"selection":[156],"strategy.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"GPU":[159],"parallel":[160],"computing":[161],"employed":[163],"further":[165],"improve":[166],"Experimental":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"that":[173],"compared":[174],"with":[175,197],"transformation,":[177],"improvements":[178],"up":[180,213],"1.94%":[182],"2.04%":[184],"are":[185],"achieved":[186],"GNKMNF":[188,211,224],"overall":[190],"classification":[191],"accuracy":[192],"Kappa,":[194],"respectively.":[195],"Moreover,":[196],"64":[202,204],"\u00d7":[203,205],"250,":[206],"efficiency":[209],"speeds":[212],"about":[215],"80\u00d7.":[216],"The":[217],"outcome":[218],"demonstrates":[219],"significant":[221],"performance":[222],"extraction":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}