{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226359667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709","title":"3D Visualization Techniques for Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation of GPR Data","display_name":"3D Visualization Techniques for Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation of GPR Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226359667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1709/pdf?version=1648811571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1709/pdf?version=1648811571","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067690701","display_name":"Alexander Bornik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101869","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Age Research","ror":"https://ror.org/017faj253","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4210101869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928418","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2syk23","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4403928418"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Bornik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101869","https://openalex.org/I4403928418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044115932","display_name":"Wolfgang Neubauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-3979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101869","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Age Research","ror":"https://ror.org/017faj253","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4210101869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928418","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2syk23","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4403928418"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Neubauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria","Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101869","https://openalex.org/I4403928418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067690701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101869","https://openalex.org/I4403928418"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8788292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1709","last_page":"1709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.816506028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.6826704144477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6744180917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospection","display_name":"Prospection","score":0.6034960150718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5294767618179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5281406044960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5020666122436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.48669058084487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4507463276386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42242902517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36976414918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.22691240906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21616113185882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17137572169303894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.816506028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.6826704144477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6744180917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16868018","display_name":"Prospection","level":2,"score":0.6034960150718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5294767618179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5281406044960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5020666122436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48669058084487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4507463276386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42242902517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36976414918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.22691240906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21616113185882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17137572169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1709/pdf?version=1648811571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a991feaf398d4112aa34e86ba3f26aee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a991feaf398d4112aa34e86ba3f26aee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1709 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1709/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1709","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071709","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1709/pdf?version=1648811571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226359667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226359667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40619706","https://openalex.org/W127809959","https://openalex.org/W1549562450","https://openalex.org/W1551449149","https://openalex.org/W1623899554","https://openalex.org/W1762468803","https://openalex.org/W1932825008","https://openalex.org/W1978845392","https://openalex.org/W2000041842","https://openalex.org/W2006825277","https://openalex.org/W2076229179","https://openalex.org/W2081181113","https://openalex.org/W2086166865","https://openalex.org/W2088382656","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2166488620","https://openalex.org/W2197898817","https://openalex.org/W2320505392","https://openalex.org/W2464765850","https://openalex.org/W2480772669","https://openalex.org/W2495710757","https://openalex.org/W2499639497","https://openalex.org/W2550556154","https://openalex.org/W2624671080","https://openalex.org/W2759731058","https://openalex.org/W2791242149","https://openalex.org/W2792027996","https://openalex.org/W2803042005","https://openalex.org/W2806165913","https://openalex.org/W2901760485","https://openalex.org/W2908081989","https://openalex.org/W2953878357","https://openalex.org/W2966333895","https://openalex.org/W2972464226","https://openalex.org/W3002041069","https://openalex.org/W3005830533","https://openalex.org/W3028427357","https://openalex.org/W3035066779","https://openalex.org/W3036411983","https://openalex.org/W4243042504","https://openalex.org/W6675077989","https://openalex.org/W6687514391","https://openalex.org/W6687518351","https://openalex.org/W6706245957","https://openalex.org/W7048890959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885546212","https://openalex.org/W2088382656","https://openalex.org/W2041234428","https://openalex.org/W2801296149","https://openalex.org/W4285395216","https://openalex.org/W2104445802","https://openalex.org/W2890575166","https://openalex.org/W3194168818","https://openalex.org/W1997299207","https://openalex.org/W2513245101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65],"non-invasive":[1,56],"detection":[2],"and":[3,23,44,54,62,67,76,79,93,108,127,168,185,199,211,242],"digital":[4],"documentation":[5],"of":[6,12,58,71,100,112,123,152,159,162,179,207,229,233],"buried":[7],"archaeological":[8,24,40,60,63,69,114],"heritage":[9,25,35],"by":[10,195],"means":[11],"geophysical":[13],"prospection":[14,166],"is":[15,90],"increasingly":[16],"gaining":[17],"importance":[18],"in":[19,133,226],"modern":[20],"field":[21],"archaeology":[22,84],"management.":[26],"It":[27],"frequently":[28],"provides":[29],"the":[30,52,72,98,113,121,129,148,175,180,189,205,223,234,244],"detailed":[31,68],"information":[32],"required":[33],"for":[34,51,241],"protection":[36],"or":[37,85],"targeted":[38],"further":[39],"research.":[41],"High-resolution":[42],"magnetometry":[43],"ground-penetrating":[45],"radar":[46],"(GPR)":[47],"became":[48],"invaluable":[49],"tools":[50],"efficient":[53],"comprehensive":[55],"exploration":[57,122],"complete":[59],"sites":[61],"landscapes.":[64],"analysis":[66,198],"interpretation":[70,144],"resulting":[73],"large":[74],"2D":[75,165],"3D":[77,118,125,142,150,169,182],"datasets,":[78],"related":[80],"data":[81,102,190,201],"from":[82,188],"aerial":[83],"airborne":[86],"remote":[87],"sensing,":[88],"etc.,":[89],"a":[91,109,139,216,230,238],"time-consuming":[92],"complex":[94,124,235],"process,":[95],"which":[96,155],"requires":[97],"integration":[99],"all":[101],"at":[103],"hand,":[104],"respective":[105,213],"three-dimensional":[106],"imagination,":[107],"broad":[110],"understanding":[111,232],"problem;":[115],"therefore,":[116],"informative":[117],"visualizations":[119,221],"supporting":[120,128],"datasets":[126,184,236],"interpretative":[130,170,247],"process":[131],"are":[132],"great":[134],"demand.":[135],"This":[136],"paper":[137],"presents":[138],"novel":[140],"integrated":[141],"GPR":[143,163,183],"approach,":[145],"centered":[146],"around":[147],"flexible":[149,176],"visualization":[151,158],"heterogeneous":[153],"data,":[154],"supports":[156],"conjoint":[157],"scenes":[160],"composed":[161],"volumes,":[164],"imagery,":[167],"models.":[171],"We":[172],"found":[173],"that":[174],"visual":[177],"combination":[178],"original":[181],"images":[186],"derived":[187],"applying":[191],"post-processing":[192],"techniques":[193],"inspired":[194],"medical":[196],"image":[197],"seismic":[200],"processing":[202],"contribute":[203],"to":[204],"perceptibility":[206],"archaeologically":[208],"relevant":[209],"features":[210],"their":[212,227],"context":[214],"within":[215],"stratified":[217],"volume.":[218],"Moreover,":[219],"such":[220],"support":[222],"interpreting":[224],"archaeologists":[225],"development":[228],"deeper":[231],"as":[237],"starting":[239],"point":[240],"throughout":[243],"implemented":[245],"interactive":[246],"process.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}