{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221135377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667","title":"A Confidence-Aware Cascade Network for Multi-Scale Stereo Matching of Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"A Confidence-Aware Cascade Network for Multi-Scale Stereo Matching of Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221135377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1667/pdf?version=1648661247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1667/pdf?version=1648661247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064096642","display_name":"Rongshu Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-5197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongshu Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009900360","display_name":"Yuming Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100926339","display_name":"Hongjian You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjian You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009900360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61915766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1667","last_page":"1667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8119417428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7424241304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6436780095100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.584771454334259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5491660833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5037490725517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4401564598083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.42035001516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4182318449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16276228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08279862999916077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119417428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7424241304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6436780095100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.584771454334259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5491660833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5037490725517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4401564598083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42035001516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4182318449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16276228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08279862999916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1667/pdf?version=1648661247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74e9980132a548908a630aec0c55c023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74e9980132a548908a630aec0c55c023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1667 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1667/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1667/pdf?version=1648661247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G84200161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 61901439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221135377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221135377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1559052834","https://openalex.org/W1595669931","https://openalex.org/W1772650917","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1932937519","https://openalex.org/W1968799614","https://openalex.org/W2028852396","https://openalex.org/W2050145531","https://openalex.org/W2092698325","https://openalex.org/W2104974755","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2121781154","https://openalex.org/W2123782500","https://openalex.org/W2180905035","https://openalex.org/W2259424905","https://openalex.org/W2440384215","https://openalex.org/W2604231069","https://openalex.org/W2738441955","https://openalex.org/W2884672177","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2924638668","https://openalex.org/W2945714659","https://openalex.org/W2950496566","https://openalex.org/W2952813711","https://openalex.org/W2962880841","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963617879","https://openalex.org/W2963619659","https://openalex.org/W2963782415","https://openalex.org/W2963872790","https://openalex.org/W2967693513","https://openalex.org/W2986564768","https://openalex.org/W2997575304","https://openalex.org/W3034514115","https://openalex.org/W3034530552","https://openalex.org/W3034564916","https://openalex.org/W3034600477","https://openalex.org/W3111421195","https://openalex.org/W3172573759","https://openalex.org/W3183898570","https://openalex.org/W6688809243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stereomatching":[0],"plays":[1],"an":[2],"essential":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,25,33,45,168],"3D":[6],"reconstruction":[7],"using":[8],"very-high-resolution":[9],"(VHR)":[10],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"images.":[13],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"still":[16],"faces":[17],"unignorable":[18],"challenges":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,61,89,103,112,128,141,152],"the":[22,29,37,84,91,97,105,115,143,176],"multi-scale":[23,49,130],"objects":[24,50],"large":[26],"scenes":[27],"and":[28,39,72,95,135,146,175],"multi-modality":[30],"probability":[31],"distribution":[32],"challenging":[34],"regions,":[35],"especially":[36],"occluded":[38],"textureless":[40],"areas.":[41],"Accurate":[42],"disparity":[43,93,117,144],"estimation":[44],"stereo":[46,77,136,155],"matching":[47,156],"for":[48,76],"has":[51],"become":[52],"a":[53,67,123],"hard":[54],"but":[55],"crucial":[56],"task.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"tackle":[62],"these":[63],"problems,":[64],"we":[65,121],"design":[66,122],"novel":[68],"confidence-aware":[69],"unimodal":[70,106,147],"cascade":[71],"fusion":[73],"pyramid":[74],"network":[75,165],"matching.":[78],"The":[79],"fused":[80],"cost":[81,107,148],"volume":[82],"from":[83],"coarsest":[85],"scale":[86],"is":[87],"used":[88,111],"generate":[90],"initial":[92],"map,":[94],"then":[96],"learnable":[98],"confidence":[99],"maps":[100],"are":[101,110,139],"generated":[102],"construct":[104],"distributions,":[108],"which":[109],"narrow":[113],"down":[114],"next-stage":[116],"search":[118],"range.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"cross-scale":[124],"interaction":[125],"aggregation":[126],"module":[127],"leverage":[129],"information.":[131],"Both":[132],"smooth-L1":[133],"loss":[134,138],"focal":[137],"applied":[140],"regularize":[142],"map":[145],"distribution,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Compared":[151],"two":[153],"state-of-the-art":[154],"networks,":[157],"extensive":[158],"experimental":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"that":[162],"our":[163],"proposed":[164],"outperforms":[166],"them":[167],"terms":[169],"of":[170,178],"average":[171],"endpoint":[172],"error":[173],"(EPE)":[174],"fraction":[177],"erroneous":[179],"pixels":[180],"(D1).":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}