{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220901198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654","title":"Ambiguity Resolution for Long Baseline in a Network with BDS-3 Quad-Frequency Ionosphere-Weighted Model","display_name":"Ambiguity Resolution for Long Baseline in a Network with BDS-3 Quad-Frequency Ionosphere-Weighted Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220901198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1654/pdf?version=1648631415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1654/pdf?version=1648631415","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035637393","display_name":"Ruicheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruicheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-1450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056945824","display_name":"Chengfa Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-9844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengfa Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332296","display_name":"Zhibin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-031X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Xiongan Jingde Expressway Co., Ltd., Baoding 071799, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Xiongan Jingde Expressway Co., Ltd., Baoding 071799, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006866290","display_name":"Qing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4145-3941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4145-3941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071346907","display_name":"Rui Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002743911","display_name":"Zihan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-6851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064268698","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-1125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-1125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056945824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":7.227,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96187565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1654","last_page":"1654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.8279200196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6374514102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5791707634925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.518166184425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44637924432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.43640226125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.42374396324157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3941146731376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26570630073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.220317542552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.21920430660247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.21279683709144592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.8279200196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6374514102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5791707634925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.518166184425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44637924432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.43640226125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.42374396324157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3941146731376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26570630073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.220317542552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.21920430660247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.21279683709144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1654/pdf?version=1648631415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a50a318f80a48048df4b4e13e2a06ea","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a50a318f80a48048df4b4e13e2a06ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1654 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1654/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1654","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1654/pdf?version=1648631415","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4438363079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6522000058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5708986167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3221002106D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220901198.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220901198.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560161939","https://openalex.org/W1964413434","https://openalex.org/W1983949866","https://openalex.org/W2018952097","https://openalex.org/W2031802625","https://openalex.org/W2036448898","https://openalex.org/W2073136791","https://openalex.org/W2077494527","https://openalex.org/W2246481739","https://openalex.org/W2360037309","https://openalex.org/W2365673107","https://openalex.org/W2484941330","https://openalex.org/W2592303083","https://openalex.org/W2596793720","https://openalex.org/W2610979280","https://openalex.org/W2775282616","https://openalex.org/W2797713408","https://openalex.org/W2803438202","https://openalex.org/W2912637366","https://openalex.org/W2997931748","https://openalex.org/W3016103224","https://openalex.org/W3029910751","https://openalex.org/W3030176708","https://openalex.org/W3112519502","https://openalex.org/W6630924408","https://openalex.org/W6778238564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W4283206657","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2358185324","https://openalex.org/W4200427822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"long":[1],"baseline":[2],"in":[3],"a":[4],"network,":[5],"the":[6,19,27,33,36,44,95,119,147,158,165,171,177],"traditional":[7],"combined":[8],"ionosphere-free":[9,64,167],"(IF)":[10],"+":[11],"wide-lane":[12],"(WL)":[13],"strategy":[14],"is":[15],"commonly":[16],"used,":[17],"but":[18],"residual":[20],"tropospheric":[21],"delays":[22],"and":[23,43,76,84,107,121,126,153,170,185],"larger":[24],"noise":[25],"hamper":[26],"basic":[28,148],"ambiguity":[29,60,123,136,149],"resolution":[30],"(AR).":[31],"With":[32],"completion":[34],"of":[35,100,115,134,146],"BeiDou":[37],"global":[38],"navigation":[39],"satellite":[40],"system":[41],"(BDS-3)":[42],"quad-frequency":[45,97,159],"signals":[46],"provided":[47],"by":[48,183],"BDS-3":[49,98],"satellites,":[50],"we":[51,67,111],"can":[52],"construct":[53],"more":[54],"combinations":[55],"that":[56],"are":[57],"conducive":[58],"to":[59,89,117,155],"resolution.":[61],"Compared":[62],"with":[63,140,164],"linear":[65],"combinations,":[66],"estimated":[68],"ionospheric":[69,141],"delay":[70],"using":[71,81,157],"three":[72],"independent":[73],"WL":[74,135],"observations,":[75,86],"formed":[77],"an":[78],"ionosphere-weighted":[79,160],"model":[80,162,169],"uncombined":[82],"code":[83],"phase":[85],"which":[87],"proved":[88],"be":[90],"quite":[91],"effective.":[92],"Based":[93],"on":[94],"real":[96],"observations":[99],"two":[101,108],"CORS":[102],"(Continuously":[103],"Operating":[104],"Reference":[105],"Stations)":[106],"user":[109,127,178],"stations,":[110],"processed":[112],"eight":[113],"days":[114],"data":[116],"study":[118],"formal":[120],"empirical":[122],"success":[124,132,144],"rates":[125],"positioning":[128,180],"errors.":[129],"The":[130,143],"rounding":[131],"rate":[133,145],"was":[137],"significantly":[138],"improved":[139,182],"correction.":[142],"increased":[150],"from":[151],"94.4":[152],"96.1%":[154],"98.0%":[156],"(QFIW)":[161],"compared":[163],"double-frequency":[166],"(DFIF)":[168],"triple-frequency":[172],"geometry-based":[173],"(TFGB)":[174],"model.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"E/N/U":[179],"accuracy":[181],"20.6/31.5/13.1%":[184],"6.3/22.9/5.8%,":[186],"respectively.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}
