{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221028823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649","title":"An Accuracy Assessment of Snow Depth Measurements in Agro-Forested Environments by UAV Lidar","display_name":"An Accuracy Assessment of Snow Depth Measurements in Agro-Forested Environments by UAV Lidar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221028823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1649/pdf?version=1648625958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1649/pdf?version=1648625958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041369916","display_name":"Vasana Dharmadasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-1451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63341726","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrw9r68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I63341726"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110488","display_name":"Center for Northern Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8ytn75","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182451676","https://openalex.org/I4210110488","https://openalex.org/I43406934","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vasana Dharmadasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Quebec City, QC GV1 0A6, Canada","Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE), University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Quebec City, QC GV1 0A6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE), University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057295813","display_name":"Christophe Kinnard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4553-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63341726","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrw9r68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I63341726"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110488","display_name":"Center for Northern Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8ytn75","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182451676","https://openalex.org/I4210110488","https://openalex.org/I43406934","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Kinnard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Quebec City, QC GV1 0A6, Canada","Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE), University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Quebec City, QC GV1 0A6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE), University of Qu\u00e9bec at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011958261","display_name":"Michel Bara\u00ebr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Bara\u00ebr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Construction Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Construction Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041369916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110488","https://openalex.org/I63341726"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.1844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94883382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1649","last_page":"1649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9253126978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8322296142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7157996892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6502690315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6338362097740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3716108798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3358214497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1505567729473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14251649379730225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9253126978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8322296142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7157996892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6502690315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6338362097740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3716108798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3358214497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1505567729473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14251649379730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1649/pdf?version=1648625958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d151556c18b74253a778aa0bfb838733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d151556c18b74253a778aa0bfb838733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1649 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:24283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1649/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1649","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1649/pdf?version=1648625958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4314682789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRSNG-RGPIN-2015-03844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221028823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221028823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89144810","https://openalex.org/W1810105897","https://openalex.org/W1883948941","https://openalex.org/W1977272377","https://openalex.org/W1982215158","https://openalex.org/W2007816868","https://openalex.org/W2027304711","https://openalex.org/W2029931965","https://openalex.org/W2031839767","https://openalex.org/W2055952491","https://openalex.org/W2066115419","https://openalex.org/W2101337510","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2103520925","https://openalex.org/W2104998606","https://openalex.org/W2113488626","https://openalex.org/W2132641046","https://openalex.org/W2133774712","https://openalex.org/W2155501250","https://openalex.org/W2163712690","https://openalex.org/W2251608823","https://openalex.org/W2291224976","https://openalex.org/W2324627161","https://openalex.org/W2441686121","https://openalex.org/W2461301683","https://openalex.org/W2528231520","https://openalex.org/W2560019560","https://openalex.org/W2605927651","https://openalex.org/W2782428144","https://openalex.org/W2789776563","https://openalex.org/W2797297459","https://openalex.org/W2898603965","https://openalex.org/W2898953392","https://openalex.org/W2899594179","https://openalex.org/W2918005684","https://openalex.org/W2933621606","https://openalex.org/W2939407418","https://openalex.org/W2950069140","https://openalex.org/W2959298326","https://openalex.org/W2980124625","https://openalex.org/W2989998676","https://openalex.org/W3009456591","https://openalex.org/W3015971833","https://openalex.org/W3034494053","https://openalex.org/W3041319445","https://openalex.org/W3095305805","https://openalex.org/W3138990046","https://openalex.org/W3152950956","https://openalex.org/W3208211668","https://openalex.org/W3213063363","https://openalex.org/W4210279873","https://openalex.org/W6727635523","https://openalex.org/W6780223035","https://openalex.org/W6807639536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,139,157],"study":[1,158,185],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,35,40,62,66,106,115,128,131,135,145,149,189],"performance":[4,147],"of":[5,39,65,75,108,118,130,134,148,188],"UAV":[6,181,200],"lidar":[7,67],"system":[8],"in":[9,14,17,28,91,195],"measuring":[10],"high-resolution":[11],"snow":[12,77,151,177,191],"depths":[13,78,152],"agro-forested":[15,196],"landscapes":[16,197],"southern":[18],"Qu\u00e9bec,":[19],"Canada.":[20],"We":[21],"used":[22,103],"manmade,":[23],"mobile":[24],"ground":[25],"control":[26],"points":[27],"summer":[29],"and":[30,57,69],"winter":[31],"surveys":[32],"to":[33,104,170,173],"assess":[34],"absolute":[36,56,132],"vertical":[37],"accuracy":[38,44,64,121,133],"point":[41,137,163],"cloud.":[42,138],"Relative":[43],"was":[45,102,126,141],"determined":[46],"by":[47,123,144],"a":[48,83],"repeat":[49],"flight":[50,112],"over":[51],"one":[52],"survey":[53],"block.":[54],"Estimated":[55],"relative":[58,120],"errors":[59],"were":[60],"within":[61],"expected":[63],"(~5":[68],"~7":[70],"cm,":[71],"respectively).":[72],"The":[73],"validation":[74],"lidar-derived":[76],"with":[79,87,95,154,180],"ground-based":[80,155],"measurements":[81],"showed":[82],"good":[84],"agreement,":[85],"however":[86],"higher":[88],"uncertainties":[89],"observed":[90],"forested":[92],"areas":[93],"compared":[94,153],"open":[96],"areas.":[97],"A":[98],"strip":[99,166],"alignment":[100,167],"procedure":[101],"attempt":[105],"correction":[107],"misalignment":[109],"between":[110],"overlapping":[111],"strips.":[113],"However,":[114],"significant":[116],"improvement":[117],"inter-strip":[119],"brought":[122],"this":[124,184],"technique":[125],"at":[127],"cost":[129],"entire":[136],"phenomenon":[140],"further":[142],"confirmed":[143],"degraded":[146],"strip-aligned":[150],"measurements.":[156],"shows":[159],"that":[160],"boresight":[161],"calibrated":[162],"clouds":[164],"without":[165],"are":[168],"deemed":[169],"be":[171],"adequate":[172],"provide":[174],"centimeter-level":[175],"accurate":[176],"depth":[178,192],"maps":[179],"lidar.":[182,201],"Moreover,":[183],"provides":[186],"some":[187],"earliest":[190],"mapping":[193],"results":[194],"based":[198],"on":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}