{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221135331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621","title":"SAR Image Segmentation by Efficient Fuzzy C-Means Framework with Adaptive Generalized Likelihood Ratio Nonlocal Spatial Information Embedded","display_name":"SAR Image Segmentation by Efficient Fuzzy C-Means Framework with Adaptive Generalized Likelihood Ratio Nonlocal Spatial Information Embedded","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221135331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1621/pdf?version=1648471139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1621/pdf?version=1648471139","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036164802","display_name":"Jingxing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4578-1960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612008","display_name":"Feng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-3639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100926339","display_name":"Hongjian You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjian You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100612008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1133,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85115989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1621","last_page":"1621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6631798148155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6568508744239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6512088775634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580700159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5554516911506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4911760985851288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4773257374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.42854633927345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.42566680908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.41795364022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.37784507870674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.336337685585022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6631798148155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6568508744239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6512088775634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580700159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5554516911506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4911760985851288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4773257374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.42854633927345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.42566680908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.41795364022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.37784507870674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.336337685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1621/pdf?version=1648471139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9ecb605abc747299d0162a73ee79df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9ecb605abc747299d0162a73ee79df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1621 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1621/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1621","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1621/pdf?version=1648471139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221135331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221135331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22606518","https://openalex.org/W1510751240","https://openalex.org/W1589895371","https://openalex.org/W1967584880","https://openalex.org/W1989961619","https://openalex.org/W1992147426","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W1996598870","https://openalex.org/W2010491386","https://openalex.org/W2012742622","https://openalex.org/W2020955519","https://openalex.org/W2025767687","https://openalex.org/W2029906715","https://openalex.org/W2031923818","https://openalex.org/W2046778278","https://openalex.org/W2048153049","https://openalex.org/W2064856988","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2085687954","https://openalex.org/W2098777834","https://openalex.org/W2101178628","https://openalex.org/W2108859253","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2115242586","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2138762030","https://openalex.org/W2153493073","https://openalex.org/W2163431839","https://openalex.org/W2165012164","https://openalex.org/W2754382284","https://openalex.org/W2792706032","https://openalex.org/W2890779811","https://openalex.org/W2919088249","https://openalex.org/W2922218099","https://openalex.org/W2966447788","https://openalex.org/W2990106014","https://openalex.org/W3010159779","https://openalex.org/W3090844588","https://openalex.org/W3108810292","https://openalex.org/W3114780996","https://openalex.org/W3128976293","https://openalex.org/W3197816139","https://openalex.org/W3209990891","https://openalex.org/W3210685990","https://openalex.org/W3217526930","https://openalex.org/W4205652744","https://openalex.org/W4213307323","https://openalex.org/W6674723063","https://openalex.org/W6766472700","https://openalex.org/W6783444761","https://openalex.org/W6803414691","https://openalex.org/W6804892872","https://openalex.org/W6806238342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2016481886","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2727313114","https://openalex.org/W1989852278","https://openalex.org/W2775820112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"existence":[1],"of":[2,69,75,90,158,178],"multiplicative":[3],"noise":[4],"in":[5,176],"synthetic":[6],"aperture":[7],"radar":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"images":[10],"makes":[11],"SAR":[12,58,150,163,173],"segmentation":[13,156,168,175],"by":[14,45,54,80],"fuzzy":[15],"c-means":[16],"(FCM)":[17],"a":[18,46],"challenging":[19],"task.":[20],"To":[21],"cope":[22],"with":[23,32],"speckle":[24],"noise,":[25],"we":[26,64],"first":[27],"propose":[28],"an":[29,108],"unsupervised":[30,97,166],"FCM":[31,98,167],"embedding":[33],"log-transformed":[34,57,91],"Bayesian":[35,48,61,92],"non-local":[36,41,124],"spatial":[37,125],"information":[38,42,142],"(LBNL_FCM).":[39],"This":[40],"is":[43,52,102,117],"measured":[44,79],"modified":[47],"similarity":[49,67,78,93],"metric":[50,68],"which":[51],"derived":[53],"applying":[55],"the":[56,66,72,87,113,121,128,133],"distribution":[59],"to":[60,85,119,143],"theory.":[62],"After,":[63],"construct":[65],"patches":[70],"as":[71,139],"continued":[73],"product":[74],"corresponding":[76],"pixel":[77],"generalized":[81],"likelihood":[82],"ratio":[83],"(GLR)":[84],"avoid":[86],"undesirable":[88],"characteristics":[89],"metric.":[94],"An":[95],"alternative":[96],"framework":[99],"named":[100],"GLR_FCM":[101],"then":[103],"proposed.":[104],"In":[105],"both":[106,152,165],"frameworks,":[107],"adaptive":[109],"factor":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112,148,172],"local":[114,141],"intensity":[115],"entropy":[116],"employed":[118],"balance":[120],"original":[122],"and":[123,132,181],"information.":[126],"Additionally,":[127],"membership":[129],"degree":[130],"smoothing":[131],"majority":[134],"voting":[135],"idea":[136],"are":[137],"integrated":[138],"supplementary":[140],"optimize":[144],"segmentation.":[145],"Concerning":[146],"experiments":[147],"simulated":[149],"images,":[151,164],"frameworks":[153,169],"can":[154],"achieve":[155],"accuracy":[157],"over":[159],"97%.":[160],"On":[161],"real":[162],"work":[170],"well":[171],"homogeneous":[174],"terms":[177],"region":[179],"consistency":[180],"edge":[182],"preservation.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}