{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229017132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569","title":"A Two-Branch Convolutional Neural Network Based on Multi-Spectral Entropy Rate Superpixel Segmentation for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"A Two-Branch Convolutional Neural Network Based on Multi-Spectral Entropy Rate Superpixel Segmentation for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229017132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1569/pdf?version=1648172599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1569/pdf?version=1648172599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000814301","display_name":"Caihong Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-3661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caihong Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042197977","display_name":"Zhidong Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhidong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Information of Shaanxi Province, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695128","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100695128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.4815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90011583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1569","last_page":"1569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.844723105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.735661506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7213574647903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6391559839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6322153806686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5772756934165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4772077202796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.45432817935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07056978344917297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.844723105430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.735661506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7213574647903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6391559839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6322153806686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5772756934165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4772077202796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.45432817935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07056978344917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1569/pdf?version=1648172599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16bbd8d107c5426795091006c728aadc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16bbd8d107c5426795091006c728aadc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1569 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/7/1569/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1569","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1569/pdf?version=1648172599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1957488185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4157339603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62077038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309549","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/040vwpm13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229017132.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229017132.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1548953334","https://openalex.org/W1997565609","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2008847349","https://openalex.org/W2012946078","https://openalex.org/W2022470997","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2067983477","https://openalex.org/W2076414618","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2096214786","https://openalex.org/W2100109944","https://openalex.org/W2100975942","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2106777458","https://openalex.org/W2116877738","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2131697388","https://openalex.org/W2135431554","https://openalex.org/W2136236240","https://openalex.org/W2144348684","https://openalex.org/W2151599207","https://openalex.org/W2464755555","https://openalex.org/W2611452721","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2808776742","https://openalex.org/W2910655660","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2942170965","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W3004925702","https://openalex.org/W3007470918","https://openalex.org/W3009684847","https://openalex.org/W3049194204","https://openalex.org/W3104795559","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3111064516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2027399350","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1,80],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"can":[4,221],"extract":[5,223],"advanced":[6],"features":[7,57,160,174,224],"of":[8,24,35,50,106,139,152,178,184,189,194,199,209],"joint":[9,186],"spectral\u2013spatial":[10,173,187],"information,":[11],"which":[12,38,65],"are":[13,29,58,66,118],"useful":[14],"for":[15,92,175],"hyperspectral":[16],"image":[17,105,129],"(HSI)":[18],"classification.":[19,94],"However,":[20],"the":[21,33,36,42,45,51,55,71,104,137,150,153,163,166,171,176,185,192,197,207,218],"patch-based":[22],"neighborhoods":[23],"samples":[25],"with":[26,233],"fixed":[27],"sizes":[28],"usually":[30],"used":[31,148],"as":[32,136,149],"input":[34,138,151],"CNNs,":[37],"cannot":[39],"dig":[40],"out":[41],"homogeneousness":[43],"between":[44],"pixels":[46],"within":[47],"and":[48,131,165,168,196,227],"outside":[49],"patch.":[52],"In":[53,74],"addition,":[54],"spatial":[56],"quite":[59],"different":[60,62],"in":[61,110,142,156,206],"spectral":[63,108],"bands,":[64],"not":[67],"fully":[68],"utilized":[69],"by":[70,121],"existing":[72],"methods.":[73],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"a":[77,234],"two-branch":[78],"convolutional":[79],"network":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83,103,213],"multi-spectral":[84,124],"entropy":[85,96,125],"rate":[86,97,126],"superpixel":[87,98,127],"segmentation":[88,100,128],"(TBN-MERS)":[89],"is":[90,101,147],"designed":[91],"HSI":[93,146,164],"Firstly,":[95],"(ERS)":[99],"performed":[102],"each":[107],"band":[109,120],"an":[111],"HSI,":[112],"respectively.":[113],"The":[114,144],"segmented":[115],"images":[116],"obtained":[117],"stacked":[119],"band,":[122],"called":[123],"(MERSI),":[130],"then":[132,169],"preprocessed":[133,145],"to":[134],"serve":[135],"one":[140],"branch":[141,155],"TBN-MERS.":[143,157],"other":[154],"TBN-MERS":[158,180,220],"extracts":[159],"from":[161,225],"both":[162],"MERSI":[167],"utilizes":[170],"fused":[172],"classification":[177,208],"HSIs.":[179,210],"makes":[181],"full":[182],"use":[183],"information":[188],"HSIs":[190,226],"at":[191],"scale":[193,198],"superpixels":[195],"neighborhood.":[200],"Therefore,":[201],"it":[202],"achieves":[203],"excellent":[204],"performance":[205],"Experimental":[211],"results":[212],"four":[214],"datasets":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"that":[217],"proposed":[219],"effectively":[222],"significantly":[228],"outperforms":[229],"some":[230],"state-of-the-art":[231],"methods":[232],"few":[235],"training":[236],"samples.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}