{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221136930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484","title":"Manifold-Based Multi-Deep Belief Network for Feature Extraction of Hyperspectral Image","display_name":"Manifold-Based Multi-Deep Belief Network for Feature Extraction of Hyperspectral Image","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221136930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1484/pdf?version=1647840052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1484/pdf?version=1647840052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047447843","display_name":"Zhengying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-8088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101829389","display_name":"Hong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-3077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027041669","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-9585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088872677","display_name":"Guangyao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technique and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101829389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.6291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93618214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1484","last_page":"1484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.8434235453605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7583420276641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6758414506912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6516153812408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6306920051574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.5849238038063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5623928904533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold-alignment","display_name":"Manifold alignment","score":0.5551502704620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5100904107093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.4423941671848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.433630108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.24490013718605042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.8434235453605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7583420276641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6758414506912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6516153812408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6306920051574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.5849238038063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5623928904533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153120616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17068315","display_name":"Manifold alignment","level":4,"score":0.5551502704620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5100904107093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.4423941671848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.433630108833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.24490013718605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1484/pdf?version=1647840052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad0b1150aa4c4651a816e7734fd0b783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad0b1150aa4c4651a816e7734fd0b783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1484 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1484/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1484","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1484/pdf?version=1647840052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6595558094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221136930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221136930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1761723896","https://openalex.org/W1982865616","https://openalex.org/W2001914975","https://openalex.org/W2013719875","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2106955188","https://openalex.org/W2123717994","https://openalex.org/W2162724919","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2342432966","https://openalex.org/W2472919595","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2517189067","https://openalex.org/W2518815253","https://openalex.org/W2559615147","https://openalex.org/W2592141703","https://openalex.org/W2603422184","https://openalex.org/W2613789569","https://openalex.org/W2703067406","https://openalex.org/W2732412926","https://openalex.org/W2738160899","https://openalex.org/W2742141965","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2767340384","https://openalex.org/W2770315464","https://openalex.org/W2781621993","https://openalex.org/W2782420567","https://openalex.org/W2792332881","https://openalex.org/W2801324747","https://openalex.org/W2804458818","https://openalex.org/W2886815544","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2890182766","https://openalex.org/W2899003677","https://openalex.org/W2900116731","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2904698365","https://openalex.org/W2909479956","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2944413439","https://openalex.org/W2959010962","https://openalex.org/W2962702700","https://openalex.org/W2962898849","https://openalex.org/W2972505576","https://openalex.org/W2980598835","https://openalex.org/W2991104251","https://openalex.org/W3003326148","https://openalex.org/W3044657819","https://openalex.org/W3046027728","https://openalex.org/W3047317383","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3114985008","https://openalex.org/W3122774149","https://openalex.org/W3148981562","https://openalex.org/W3169719390","https://openalex.org/W3196386002","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W6788367818","https://openalex.org/W6796618233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291538051","https://openalex.org/W3109610583","https://openalex.org/W2387045723","https://openalex.org/W2375518579","https://openalex.org/W117517268","https://openalex.org/W2944373987","https://openalex.org/W65619410","https://openalex.org/W2112684860","https://openalex.org/W2391701611","https://openalex.org/W2149544245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"belief":[1],"networks":[2],"(DBNs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"in":[8,73,87,123,134,166,176],"hyperspectral":[9],"imagery":[10],"(HSI)":[11],"processing.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,21,29,66,96,99,111,119,146,160,171],"original":[15],"DBN":[16],"model":[17],"fails":[18],"to":[19,51,83,109],"explore":[20],"prior":[22],"knowledge":[23],"of":[24,32,56,98,113,141],"training":[25,142],"samples":[26],"which":[27],"limits":[28],"discriminant":[30],"capability":[31],"extracted":[33,114],"features":[34,55,86,149,162],"for":[35,153],"classification.":[36,154],"In":[37],"this":[38,76,135],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"proposed":[41],"a":[42,60,78,103,129],"new":[43],"deep":[44,53,85,115,147,161],"learning":[45],"method,":[46],"termed":[47],"manifold-based":[48],"multi-DBN":[49,79],"(MMDBN),":[50],"obtain":[52],"manifold":[54,105,120,148],"HSI.":[57],"MMDBN":[58,155,196],"designed":[59],"hierarchical":[61],"initialization":[62],"method":[63],"that":[64,195],"initializes":[65],"network":[67],"by":[68,137,201],"local":[69],"geometric":[70],"structure":[71,80,121],"hidden":[72],"data.":[74],"On":[75],"basis,":[77],"is":[81,107],"built":[82],"learn":[84],"each":[88,164],"land-cover":[89],"class,":[90],"and":[91,128,186,192],"it":[92],"was":[93],"used":[94],"as":[95],"front-end":[97],"whole":[100],"model.":[101],"Then,":[102],"discrimination":[104],"layer":[106,136],"developed":[108],"improve":[110],"discriminability":[112],"features.":[116],"To":[117],"discover":[118],"contained":[122],"HSI,":[124,167],"an":[125],"intrinsic":[126],"graph":[127,131],"penalty":[130],"are":[132],"constructed":[133],"using":[138],"label":[139],"information":[140],"samples.":[143],"After":[144],"that,":[145],"can":[150],"be":[151],"obtained":[152],"not":[156],"only":[157],"effectively":[158],"extracts":[159],"from":[163],"class":[165],"but":[168],"also":[169],"maximizes":[170],"margins":[172],"between":[173],"different":[174],"manifolds":[175],"low-dimensional":[177],"embedding":[178],"space.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181],"on":[182],"Indian":[183],"Pines,":[184],"Salinas,":[185],"Botswana":[187],"datasets":[188],"reach":[189],"78.25%,":[190],"90.48%,":[191],"97.35%":[193],"indicating":[194],"possesses":[197],"better":[198],"classification":[199],"performance":[200],"comparing":[202],"with":[203],"some":[204],"state-of-the-art":[205],"methods.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}