{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221036186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399","title":"Revealing the Morphological Evolution of Krakatau Volcano by Integrating SAR and Optical Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Revealing the Morphological Evolution of Krakatau Volcano by Integrating SAR and Optical Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221036186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1399/pdf?version=1647247398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1399/pdf?version=1647247398","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018323154","display_name":"Jianming Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8052-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090607703","display_name":"Shaohua Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-8354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101818685","display_name":"Xianlin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianlin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045234855","display_name":"YU Dai-jun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daijun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103674931","display_name":"Guan Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010137669","display_name":"Ningling Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningling Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418556","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2621-8633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077460951","display_name":"Keren Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-3113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keren Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101818685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77278598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1399","last_page":"1399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcano","display_name":"Volcano","score":0.903735339641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6962903738021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6875607371330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6806585192680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otsus-method","display_name":"Otsu's method","score":0.5005979537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.4737979769706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.46112316846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.21605786681175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.20142024755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17480266094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14463594555854797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.903735339641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6962903738021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6875607371330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6806585192680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21729346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444417","display_name":"Otsu's method","level":4,"score":0.5005979537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.4737979769706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.46112316846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.21605786681175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.20142024755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17480266094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14463594555854797}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1399/pdf?version=1647247398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eba1bdd579644f4bad4a898e5a83380e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eba1bdd579644f4bad4a898e5a83380e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1399 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1399/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1399","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1399/pdf?version=1647247398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221036186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221036186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361094546","https://openalex.org/W2921310739","https://openalex.org/W2951071447","https://openalex.org/W2966238494","https://openalex.org/W2968460136","https://openalex.org/W2977341578","https://openalex.org/W3003657101","https://openalex.org/W3019331211","https://openalex.org/W3134106901","https://openalex.org/W4383570504","https://openalex.org/W6764797955","https://openalex.org/W6854305397","https://openalex.org/W7025697291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389939771","https://openalex.org/W4390770175","https://openalex.org/W2083693806","https://openalex.org/W2981960317","https://openalex.org/W209750280","https://openalex.org/W25222758","https://openalex.org/W2354926593","https://openalex.org/W3017254117","https://openalex.org/W2351615262","https://openalex.org/W1750550458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"22":[1],"December":[2],"2018,":[3],"volcano":[4,89,112,147,162],"Anak":[5],"Krakatau,":[6],"located":[7],"in":[8,36,113,169],"Indonesia,":[9],"erupted":[10],"and":[11,46,49,68,99,118,123,127,135,153,159],"experienced":[12,157,165],"a":[13,33,64,166],"major":[14],"lateral":[15],"collapse.":[16],"The":[17,138,161],"triggered":[18],"tsunami":[19],"killed":[20],"at":[21,63],"least":[22],"437":[23],"people":[24],"by":[25,94,129],"the":[26,73,88,100,107,111,131,142,146,151,154,170],"13-m-high":[27],"tide.":[28],"Traditional":[29],"optical":[30,136],"imagery":[31,58],"plays":[32],"great":[34],"role":[35],"monitoring":[37],"volcanic":[38,61],"activities,":[39],"but":[40],"it":[41,69],"is":[42,70],"susceptible":[43],"to":[44,72,85],"cloud":[45],"fog":[47],"interference":[48],"has":[50],"low":[51],"temporal":[52,66],"resolution.":[53],"Synthetic":[54],"aperture":[55],"radar":[56],"(SAR)":[57],"can":[59],"monitor":[60],"activities":[62],"high":[65],"resolution,":[67],"immune":[71],"influence":[74],"of":[75,110,145],"clouds.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"an":[82],"automatic":[83],"method":[84],"accurately":[86],"extract":[87,106],"boundary":[90],"from":[91,115,133],"SAR":[92,134],"images":[93,117],"combining":[95],"multi-polarized":[96],"water":[97],"enhancement":[98],"Nobuyuki":[101],"Otsu":[102],"(OTSU)":[103],"method.":[104],"We":[105],"area":[108,121],"change":[109,122,164],"2018\u20132019":[114],"Sentinel-1":[116],"ALOS-2":[119],"imagesThe":[120],"evolution":[124],"are":[125],"verified":[126],"analyzed":[128],"combing":[130],"results":[132,139],"data.":[137],"show":[140],"that":[141],"southeastern":[143],"part":[144,156],"expanded":[148],"significantly":[149],"after":[150],"eruption,":[152],"western":[155],"collapse":[158],"recovery.":[160],"morphology":[163],"slow-fast-slow":[167],"process":[168],"two":[171],"years.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}
