{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220850851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389","title":"Analysis of BDS-3 Onboard Clocks Based on GFZ Precise Clock Products","display_name":"Analysis of BDS-3 Onboard Clocks Based on GFZ Precise Clock Products","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220850851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1389/pdf?version=1647165653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1389/pdf?version=1647165653","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037884145","display_name":"Tao Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038273708","display_name":"Rui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103905369","display_name":"Yifei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9080-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042746887","display_name":"Xin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103905369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":7.227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96186027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1389","last_page":"1389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beidou-navigation-satellite-system","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","score":0.761489987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.5797404050827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5762618184089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5255704522132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.5175260901451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-earth-orbit","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","score":0.5077108144760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-maser","display_name":"Hydrogen maser","score":0.49423864483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.46583715081214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4563297927379608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4533873498439789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4493643343448639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44074898958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3892592489719391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3376798629760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22065535187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2184298038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2120952606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0809749960899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777783341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857141","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","level":4,"score":0.761489987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.5797404050827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5762618184089661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5255704522132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.5175260901451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199301463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218414","display_name":"Medium Earth orbit","level":4,"score":0.5077108144760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781367475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440593","display_name":"Hydrogen maser","level":3,"score":0.49423864483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.46583715081214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4563297927379608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4533873498439789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4493643343448639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44074898958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3892592489719391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3376798629760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22065535187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2184298038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2120952606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0809749960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1389/pdf?version=1647165653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb6e307bd10242ceb0ea4aae06bb09d0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb6e307bd10242ceb0ea4aae06bb09d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1389 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1389/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1389","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1389/pdf?version=1647165653","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056102084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019CFA051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6277828030","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u661f\u95f4\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u5317\u6597\u5b9a\u8f68\u82e5\u5e72\u6a21\u578b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220850851.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967173056","https://openalex.org/W2005577119","https://openalex.org/W2009713407","https://openalex.org/W2012300893","https://openalex.org/W2045309674","https://openalex.org/W2054550349","https://openalex.org/W2056544311","https://openalex.org/W2059307738","https://openalex.org/W2091879612","https://openalex.org/W2100846830","https://openalex.org/W2182479649","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2271349937","https://openalex.org/W2618365799","https://openalex.org/W2618376619","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2765256187","https://openalex.org/W2781917270","https://openalex.org/W2793731304","https://openalex.org/W2899259264","https://openalex.org/W2900724844","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2949341289","https://openalex.org/W3003263134","https://openalex.org/W3041692326","https://openalex.org/W3065334629","https://openalex.org/W3125883890","https://openalex.org/W3166331650","https://openalex.org/W3169240906","https://openalex.org/W3198436084","https://openalex.org/W4200599446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4291909681","https://openalex.org/W1973493860","https://openalex.org/W2191641864","https://openalex.org/W2156996876","https://openalex.org/W2392486111","https://openalex.org/W1966840619","https://openalex.org/W1588792402","https://openalex.org/W4295413293","https://openalex.org/W3125883890","https://openalex.org/W4323545049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131,146,177,198],"characteristics":[1,81],"and":[2,13,82,100,125,143,166,173,228],"performance":[3,83],"of":[4,17,45,52,64,84,109,128,134,151,182,195,210,219,239,243],"satellite":[5],"clocks":[6,51,87,136,185],"are":[7,118,170,235],"important":[8],"to":[9,72,78,237],"the":[10,49,53,60,80,89,106,122,139,215,220,225,240],"positioning,":[11],"navigation,":[12],"timing":[14],"(PNT)":[15],"services":[16],"Global":[18],"Navigation":[19,27],"Satellite":[20,28],"System":[21,29],"(GNSS)":[22],"users.":[23],"Although":[24],"China\u2019s":[25],"BeiDou-3":[26],"(BDS-3)":[30],"has":[31,112],"been":[32,113],"fully":[33],"operational":[34],"for":[35],"more":[36],"than":[37,208],"one":[38],"year,":[39],"there":[40,117],"is":[41,186],"still":[42,119],"a":[43,192],"lack":[44],"comprehensive":[46],"research":[47],"on":[48,156,200,224],"onboard":[50,86],"entire":[54],"BDS-3":[55,85,110,129,135,157,183,201,221],"constellation.":[56],"In":[57,213],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"precise":[61,216],"clock":[62,92,107,123,217],"products":[63],"GeoForschungsZentrum":[65],"(GFZ)":[66],"from":[67,88],"day-of-year":[68],"(DOY)":[69],"1,":[70],"2021":[71,75],"DOY":[73],"300,":[74],"were":[76],"used":[77],"analyze":[79],"following":[90],"aspects:":[91],"bias,":[93],"frequency,":[94],"drift":[95,132],"rate,":[96],"fitting":[97,149],"residuals,":[98],"periodicity,":[99],"frequency":[101,126],"stability.":[102],"Compared":[103],"with":[104],"BDS-2,":[105],"quality":[108],"satellites":[111,169,203,230],"greatly":[114],"improved,":[115],"but":[116],"jumps":[120],"in":[121],"offsets":[124,218],"series":[127],"clocks.":[130,212],"rate":[133],"varies":[137],"within":[138],"range":[140],"between":[141],"\u22122\u00d710\u221218":[142],"2\u00d710\u221218":[144],"s/s2.":[145],"daily":[147],"model":[148],"residuals":[150],"passive":[152],"hydrogen":[153],"masers":[154],"(PHM)":[155],"medium":[158],"Earth":[159],"orbit":[160,164],"(MEO),":[161],"inclined":[162],"geosynchronous":[163],"(IGSO),":[165],"geostationary":[167],"(GEO)":[168],"0.15,":[171],"0.28,":[172],"0.46":[174],"ns,":[175],"respectively.":[176],"overlapping":[178],"Allan":[179],"deviation":[180],"(OADEV)":[181],"MEO":[184,202],"4.0":[187],"\u00d7":[188],"10\u221214":[189],"s/s":[190],"at":[191],"time":[193],"interval":[194],"1000":[196],"s.":[197],"PHMs":[199,222],"exhibit":[204],"fewer":[205],"periodic":[206],"signals":[207],"those":[209,238],"Rb":[211],"addition,":[214],"carried":[223],"MEO,":[226],"IGSO,":[227],"GEO":[229],"show":[231],"different":[232],"periodicities,":[233],"which":[234],"similar":[236],"corresponding":[241],"types":[242],"BDS-2":[244],"satellites.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}