{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220722901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384","title":"Development of Prediction Models for Estimating Key Rice Growth Variables Using Visible and NIR Images from Unmanned Aerial Systems","display_name":"Development of Prediction Models for Estimating Key Rice Growth Variables Using Visible and NIR Images from Unmanned Aerial Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220722901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1384/pdf?version=1647151763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1384/pdf?version=1647151763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064481120","display_name":"Zhengchao Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165559","display_name":"Institute of Soil Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05nj8ma95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengchao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608220","display_name":"Fei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165559","display_name":"Institute of Soil Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05nj8ma95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424895","display_name":"Zhenwang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-8986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165559","display_name":"Institute of Soil Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05nj8ma95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102966092","display_name":"Xuebin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5637-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165559","display_name":"Institute of Soil Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05nj8ma95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuebin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Changwen Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-3581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165559","display_name":"Institute of Soil Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05nj8ma95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changwen Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038","https://openalex.org/I4210165559"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84462774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1384","last_page":"1384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.6956343650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.524715781211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.522091269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer","display_name":"Fertilizer","score":0.47002267837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paddy-field","display_name":"Paddy field","score":0.4613032937049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45746853947639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44603022933006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3293580412864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14712190628051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08614113926887512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.6956343650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.524715781211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.522091269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.47002267837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.4613032937049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45746853947639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44603022933006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3293580412864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14712190628051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08614113926887512}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1384/pdf?version=1647151763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b91268b8a2b041bcbb1de3d414eba9fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b91268b8a2b041bcbb1de3d414eba9fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1384 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1384/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1384","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061384","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1384/pdf?version=1647151763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2072844434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFE0107000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220722901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220722901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882345448","https://openalex.org/W1974328142","https://openalex.org/W1978788419","https://openalex.org/W1980140622","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2004526634","https://openalex.org/W2024663969","https://openalex.org/W2058154428","https://openalex.org/W2060426168","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2067484592","https://openalex.org/W2070047344","https://openalex.org/W2081734510","https://openalex.org/W2081820160","https://openalex.org/W2091493105","https://openalex.org/W2095997406","https://openalex.org/W2112458566","https://openalex.org/W2128866545","https://openalex.org/W2133506218","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2163450852","https://openalex.org/W2185489349","https://openalex.org/W2213617029","https://openalex.org/W2295815147","https://openalex.org/W2317582304","https://openalex.org/W2437403153","https://openalex.org/W2439347252","https://openalex.org/W2512115097","https://openalex.org/W2520257064","https://openalex.org/W2559491589","https://openalex.org/W2622954938","https://openalex.org/W2624387057","https://openalex.org/W2736116482","https://openalex.org/W2767657507","https://openalex.org/W2807715987","https://openalex.org/W2891621712","https://openalex.org/W2903923283","https://openalex.org/W2911301733","https://openalex.org/W2918084323","https://openalex.org/W2920653747","https://openalex.org/W2952539624","https://openalex.org/W2979413205","https://openalex.org/W2980312226","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2990557644","https://openalex.org/W2990918940","https://openalex.org/W2992086439","https://openalex.org/W3000369451","https://openalex.org/W3004906816","https://openalex.org/W3005430388","https://openalex.org/W3006300699","https://openalex.org/W3007045993","https://openalex.org/W3007651920","https://openalex.org/W3008109610","https://openalex.org/W3010973981","https://openalex.org/W3012923981","https://openalex.org/W3023976802","https://openalex.org/W3028894897","https://openalex.org/W3039389508","https://openalex.org/W3046186876","https://openalex.org/W3092600768","https://openalex.org/W3094051720","https://openalex.org/W3105571753","https://openalex.org/W3115581257","https://openalex.org/W3156664478","https://openalex.org/W4236766898","https://openalex.org/W4239584993","https://openalex.org/W6665454454","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W6718761208","https://openalex.org/W6718788823","https://openalex.org/W6719964363","https://openalex.org/W6776926233","https://openalex.org/W6787827580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383117943","https://openalex.org/W4385180878","https://openalex.org/W4382366283","https://openalex.org/W4382519655","https://openalex.org/W4383117825","https://openalex.org/W2118750013","https://openalex.org/W32300172","https://openalex.org/W1972288805","https://openalex.org/W2115049406","https://openalex.org/W2342699137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,179,198],"rapid":[1],"and":[2,20,40,68,71,119,145,160,163,215,217,224,232],"accurate":[3],"acquisition":[4],"of":[5,117,181,211,220],"rice":[6,18,29,73,111,152,248],"growth":[7,19,49,74,82,112,128,153,177],"variables":[8,75,154],"using":[9,91,157,204],"unmanned":[10],"aerial":[11],"system":[12],"(UAS)":[13],"is":[14],"useful":[15],"for":[16,47,143,149,175,228,246],"assessing":[17],"variable":[21],"fertilization":[22],"in":[23,51,77,107,110],"precision":[24],"agriculture.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"study,":[28],"plant":[30],"height":[31],"(PH),":[32],"leaf":[33],"area":[34],"index":[35,43],"(LAI),":[36],"aboveground":[37],"biomass":[38],"(AGB),":[39],"nitrogen":[41,56],"nutrient":[42],"(NNI)":[44],"were":[45,84,130,155,166,201,226],"obtained":[46],"different":[48,55,81,102,127],"periods":[50,83,129],"field":[52,79],"experiments":[53],"with":[54,121,134,168],"(N)":[57],"treatments":[58],"from":[59,65,186,195,207],"2019\u20132020.":[60],"Known":[61],"spectral":[62],"indices":[63],"derived":[64],"the":[66,78,92,101,114,139,164,182,240],"visible":[67,135],"NIR":[69],"images":[70,125,137,159,188,206],"key":[72,151],"measured":[76],"at":[80,126],"used":[85],"to":[86],"build":[87],"a":[88],"prediction":[89],"model":[90,184],"random":[93],"forest":[94],"(RF)":[95],"algorithm.":[96],"results":[98,165],"showed":[99],"that":[100,193,236],"N":[103],"fertilizer":[104],"applications":[105],"resulted":[106],"significant":[108],"differences":[109],"variables;":[113],"correlation":[115],"coefficients":[116],"PH":[118],"LAI":[120],"visible-near":[122],"infrared":[123],"(V-NIR)":[124],"larger":[131],"than":[132,173,192],"those":[133],"(V)":[136],"while":[138],"reverse":[140],"was":[141,189],"true":[142],"AGB":[144],"NNI.":[146],"RF":[147,183,199],"models":[148,200],"estimating":[150],"established":[156,185,194],"V-NIR":[158,196],"V":[161,187,205],"images,":[162],"validated":[167],"an":[169],"R2":[170,209],"value":[171],"greater":[172],"0.8":[174],"all":[176],"stages.":[178],"accuracy":[180],"slightly":[190],"higher":[191],"images.":[197],"further":[202],"tested":[203],"2019:":[208],"values":[210,219],"0.75,":[212,213],"0.72,":[214],"0.68":[216],"RMSE":[218],"11.68,":[221],"1.58,":[222],"3.74,":[223],"0.13":[225],"achieved":[227,239],"PH,":[229],"LAI,":[230],"AGB,":[231],"NNI,":[233],"respectively,":[234],"demonstrating":[235],"RGB":[237],"UAS":[238,245],"same":[241],"performance":[242],"as":[243],"multispectral":[244],"monitoring":[247],"growth.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}