{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221070353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340","title":"Winter\u2013Spring Prediction of Snow Avalanche Susceptibility Using Optimisation Multi-Source Heterogeneous Factors in the Western Tianshan Mountains, China","display_name":"Winter\u2013Spring Prediction of Snow Avalanche Susceptibility Using Optimisation Multi-Source Heterogeneous Factors in the Western Tianshan Mountains, China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221070353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1340/pdf?version=1646892943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1340/pdf?version=1646892943","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101887842","display_name":"Jinming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0974-3267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resource and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resource and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734672","display_name":"Qing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-5398"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Desert Meteorology, CMA, Urumqi 830046, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Desert Meteorology, CMA, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355645","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101675","display_name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2dta10","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China","State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":4.5437,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94152697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1340","last_page":"1340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7681412696838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6773126721382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6506274938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.5092536211013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5089743137359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4399033784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.416923463344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.39692485332489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.18756142258644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.186204731464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1374109983444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09293761849403381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7681412696838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6773126721382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6506274938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5092536211013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5089743137359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4399033784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.416923463344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.39692485332489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.18756142258644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.186204731464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1374109983444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09293761849403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1340/pdf?version=1646892943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e6e60fb8ee14fd584e4754d581d7837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e6e60fb8ee14fd584e4754d581d7837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1340 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1340/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1340/pdf?version=1646892943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G176986714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 41901087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2033847477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019QZKK010206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8361422215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328015","display_name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221070353.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221070353.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W780108640","https://openalex.org/W1663948673","https://openalex.org/W1992538115","https://openalex.org/W1993206956","https://openalex.org/W2008473246","https://openalex.org/W2010075287","https://openalex.org/W2035679665","https://openalex.org/W2041157275","https://openalex.org/W2089898093","https://openalex.org/W2116531017","https://openalex.org/W2125337786","https://openalex.org/W2145489626","https://openalex.org/W2498137302","https://openalex.org/W2533523411","https://openalex.org/W2569340470","https://openalex.org/W2606093505","https://openalex.org/W2606239510","https://openalex.org/W2625362830","https://openalex.org/W2734371001","https://openalex.org/W2758560418","https://openalex.org/W2761528605","https://openalex.org/W2810807595","https://openalex.org/W2811406945","https://openalex.org/W2901241793","https://openalex.org/W2912118475","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2945467668","https://openalex.org/W2952726898","https://openalex.org/W2955433196","https://openalex.org/W2955615399","https://openalex.org/W2963384012","https://openalex.org/W2963412495","https://openalex.org/W2964278775","https://openalex.org/W2969608668","https://openalex.org/W2979539276","https://openalex.org/W2979804492","https://openalex.org/W2990860112","https://openalex.org/W2993303109","https://openalex.org/W2995816944","https://openalex.org/W3005370065","https://openalex.org/W3009231054","https://openalex.org/W3010757542","https://openalex.org/W3027577533","https://openalex.org/W3032913569","https://openalex.org/W3043502873","https://openalex.org/W3044200916","https://openalex.org/W3048348884","https://openalex.org/W3048830240","https://openalex.org/W3096894036","https://openalex.org/W3113277334","https://openalex.org/W3173753471","https://openalex.org/W3174654574","https://openalex.org/W3177290406","https://openalex.org/W3192111335","https://openalex.org/W3203146247","https://openalex.org/W4200414440","https://openalex.org/W4299571750","https://openalex.org/W6728841359","https://openalex.org/W6766283851","https://openalex.org/W6770464539","https://openalex.org/W6781605245","https://openalex.org/W6802139514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W253341182","https://openalex.org/W2187012855","https://openalex.org/W2334725915","https://openalex.org/W3170438605","https://openalex.org/W141901520","https://openalex.org/W2282506930","https://openalex.org/W2794575618","https://openalex.org/W2038298935","https://openalex.org/W2050853938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data-driven":[0],"methods":[1],"are":[2],"commonly":[3],"applied":[4],"in":[5,24,46,100,162,204],"avalanche":[6,22,32,66,146,163,245,264],"hazard":[7,23,33,48,147,164,246,265],"evaluation.":[8,256],"However,":[9],"few":[10],"studies":[11],"have":[12],"tapped":[13],"into":[14],"the":[15,18,28,44,47,56,70,73,101,119,152,183,188,192,208,216,233,239,262,268,271],"relationship":[16,243],"between":[17,244],"explanatory":[19,63,249],"variables":[20,64],"and":[21,27,34,68,85,98,124,139,157,179,202,207,247],"arid\u2013frigid":[25],"areas,":[26],"seasonal":[29,61,160,263],"dynamics":[30],"of":[31,50,60,72,114,145,154,172,199,215,227],"its":[35,248],"attribution":[36],"has":[37],"not":[38],"been":[39],"discussed.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"to":[42,90,168,270],"fill":[43],"gap":[45],"assessment":[49,93,266],"a":[51,128,253],"dry\u2013cold":[52],"snow":[53,125,137,155],"avalanche,":[54],"quantify":[55],"dynamic":[57,143],"driving":[58],"process":[59,144],"nonlinear":[62,241],"on":[65,118],"hazard,":[67],"improve":[69],"reliability":[71],"assessments,":[74],"this":[75],"study":[76],"used":[77,97],"Support":[78],"Vector":[79],"Machine":[80],"(SVM),":[81],"Random":[82],"Forest":[83],"(RF)":[84],"K-Nearest":[86],"Neighbour":[87],"(KNN)":[88],"algorithms":[89],"construct":[91],"three":[92],"models;":[94],"these":[95],"were":[96,109],"verified":[99],"western":[102],"Tianshan":[103],"Mountains,":[104],"China.":[105],"The":[106,111,142,159,170,212],"following":[107],"results":[108],"obtained:":[110],"causative":[112],"factors":[113,221],"avalanches":[115],"varied":[116],"based":[117],"season.":[120],"In":[121,231],"winter,":[122,205],"terrain":[123,229],"depth":[126,138,156],"played":[127],"major":[129],"role,":[130],"whereas":[131],"spring":[132,206],"was":[133,148,175,222],"mainly":[134,149],"influenced":[135],"by":[136,151],"meteorological":[140],"factors.":[141,230],"governed":[150],"seasonality":[153],"temperature.":[158],"changes":[161],"increased":[165],"from":[166,259],"low":[167],"high.":[169],"performance":[171],"all":[173],"models":[174],"consistent":[176],"for":[177],"season":[178],"more":[180,254],"reliable":[181],"than":[182,225],"inter-annual":[184,260],"evaluations.":[185],"Among":[186],"them,":[187],"RF":[189],"model":[190,217,235,269],"had":[191],"best":[193,272],"prediction":[194],"accuracy,":[195],"with":[196,218,252],"AUC":[197],"values":[198],"0.88,":[200],"0.91":[201],"0.78":[203],"control":[209],"group,":[210],"respectively.":[211],"overall":[213],"accuracy":[214],"multi-source":[219],"heterogeneous":[220],"0.212\u20130.444":[223],"higher":[224],"that":[226],"exclusive":[228],"general,":[232],"optimised":[234],"could":[236],"accurately":[237],"describe":[238],"complex":[240],"collaborative":[242],"variables,":[250],"coupled":[251],"accurate":[255],"Moreover,":[257],"free":[258],"scale,":[261],"tweaked":[267],"performance.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}
