{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220850538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316","title":"The VIIRS Day/Night Band: A Flicker Meter in Space?","display_name":"The VIIRS Day/Night Band: A Flicker Meter in Space?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220850538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1316/pdf?version=1647220951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1316/pdf?version=1647220951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055763652","display_name":"Christopher D. Elvidge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-1098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Elvidge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075264290","display_name":"Mikhail Zhizhin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800895607","display_name":"Space Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04ryvdf08","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I2800895607","https://openalex.org/I4210096333"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Zhizhin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","Russian Space Research Institute, Moscow 117997, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Russian Space Research Institute, Moscow 117997, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800895607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060575341","display_name":"David M. Keith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929267784","display_name":"WSP (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vrgjp38","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929267784"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Keith","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSP Global Inc., Montreal, QC H3H 1P9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSP Global Inc., Montreal, QC H3H 1P9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929267784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024292880","display_name":"Steven D. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-5560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven D. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute on Research on the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute on Research on the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007683984","display_name":"Feng-Chi Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-1912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Chi Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084582739","display_name":"Tilottama Ghosh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilottama Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035410751","display_name":"Sharolyn Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-0193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304808963","display_name":"National Park Service","ror":"https://ror.org/044zqqy65","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304808963","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharolyn J. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Park Service\u2014Natural Sounds and Night Skies Team, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Park Service\u2014Natural Sounds and Night Skies Team, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304808963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006045832","display_name":"Christian Karl Monrad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian K. Monrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monrad Engineering, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monrad Engineering, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013688046","display_name":"Morgan Bazilian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-8071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan Bazilian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Payne Institute for Public Policy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078031046","display_name":"Jay Taneja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-2509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Taneja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul C. Sutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C. Sutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087905053","display_name":"John C. Barentine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-068X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Barentine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dark Sky Consulting, LLC, Tucson, AZ 85730, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dark Sky Consulting, LLC, Tucson, AZ 85730, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082791092","display_name":"W. S. Kowalik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162520","display_name":"International Dark Sky Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05vb5dy28","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162520"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William S. Kowalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Chapter of the International Dark-Sky Association, Bend, OR 97709, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Chapter of the International Dark-Sky Association, Bend, OR 97709, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054401832","display_name":"Christopher C. M. Kyba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher C. M. Kyba","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006285153","display_name":"Dee William Pack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169540460","display_name":"The Aerospace Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar9e455","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dee W. Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Department, Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Department, Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050498512","display_name":"Dorit Hammerling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-3611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorit Hammerling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055763652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85968343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1316","last_page":"1316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9366000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker","display_name":"Flicker","score":0.855254054069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.7679443359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incandescent-light-bulb","display_name":"Incandescent light bulb","score":0.59736567735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5821335911750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5127004384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.4400535225868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43191152811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33749115467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3336194157600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3253535032272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22350728511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1065826416015625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.855254054069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.7679443359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173886181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47616","display_name":"Incandescent light bulb","level":2,"score":0.59736567735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5821335911750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5127004384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.4400535225868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43191152811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33749115467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3336194157600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3253535032272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22350728511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1065826416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1316/pdf?version=1647220951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1687401be7b42aabe4b6cbc99f0a0f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1687401be7b42aabe4b6cbc99f0a0f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1316 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_5010993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5010993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/6/1316/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 1316","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:53073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/53073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 14(6), 1316","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14061316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1316/pdf?version=1647220951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2281359321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018 POW 004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306149","funder_display_name":"Rockefeller Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3417492506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POW 04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309296","funder_display_name":"Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306149","display_name":"Rockefeller Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfkwk85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309296","display_name":"Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfkwk85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220850538.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220850538.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603010472","https://openalex.org/W2003127562","https://openalex.org/W2017252937","https://openalex.org/W2023814734","https://openalex.org/W2031528580","https://openalex.org/W2063492686","https://openalex.org/W2067064799","https://openalex.org/W2070432943","https://openalex.org/W2080916144","https://openalex.org/W2110069065","https://openalex.org/W2138480760","https://openalex.org/W2140102594","https://openalex.org/W2262888510","https://openalex.org/W2267208163","https://openalex.org/W2378523699","https://openalex.org/W2608689891","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2752784889","https://openalex.org/W2785431857","https://openalex.org/W2942347419","https://openalex.org/W3031434821","https://openalex.org/W3091583158","https://openalex.org/W3096940493","https://openalex.org/W3111445699","https://openalex.org/W3135054660","https://openalex.org/W3136368386","https://openalex.org/W3166646512","https://openalex.org/W4233717680","https://openalex.org/W6787960048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998762914","https://openalex.org/W3009853355","https://openalex.org/W2017123484","https://openalex.org/W2548440008","https://openalex.org/W2006383361","https://openalex.org/W2765758976","https://openalex.org/W3145022927","https://openalex.org/W2668158373","https://openalex.org/W2085031763","https://openalex.org/W3044319211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,194],"VIIRS":[1,245,385],"day/night":[2],"band":[3],"(DNB)":[4],"high":[5],"gain":[6],"stage":[7],"(HGS)":[8],"pixel":[9,123],"effective":[10],"dwell":[11],"time":[12],"is":[13,22,40,81,99,306,344],"in":[14,31,46,52,55,84,103,187,218,243,352],"the":[15,27,79,150,160,170,181,205,219,226,230,244,248,261,279,298,313,321,335,348,356,368,374],"range":[16,73],"of":[17,26,61,74,136,140,149,184,196,207,221,236,263,285,293,315,323,332,338,350,358,370,378],"2\u20133":[18],"milliseconds":[19],"(ms),":[20],"which":[21,141],"about":[23,126],"one":[24],"third":[25],"flicker":[28,39,62,80,161,305,351],"cycle":[29],"present":[30],"lighting":[32,354,380],"powered":[33],"by":[34,224,229,302],"alternating":[35],"current.":[36],"Thus,":[37],"if":[38],"present,":[41],"it":[42],"induces":[43],"random":[44],"fluctuations":[45],"nightly":[47],"DNB":[48,56,122,171,197,280,386],"radiances.":[49],"This":[50,364],"results":[51],"increased":[53],"variance":[54,228],"temporal":[57,172,198,264,387],"profiles.":[58,388],"A":[59],"survey":[60],"characteristics":[63],"conducted":[64],"with":[65,190,360,384],"high-speed":[66],"camera":[67],"data":[68],"collected":[69],"on":[70,169,334,373],"a":[71,128,156,188,216,234,345],"wide":[72],"individual":[75,137],"luminaires":[76],"found":[77],"that":[78,238,367],"most":[82],"pronounced":[83],"high-intensity":[85,208],"discharge":[86,209],"(HID)":[87,210],"lamps,":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90,283,289],"high-":[91],"and":[92,95,110,131,165,203,260,319,376],"low-pressure":[93],"sodium":[94],"metal":[96],"halides.":[97],"Flicker":[98],"muted,":[100],"but":[101],"detectable,":[102],"incandescent":[104],"luminaires.":[105],"Modern":[106],"light-emitting":[107],"diodes":[108],"(LEDs)":[109],"fluorescent":[111],"lights":[112,152],"are":[113,125,153,233,270],"often":[114],"nearly":[115],"flicker-free,":[116],"thanks":[117],"to":[118,211,240,277,308,317],"high-quality":[119],"voltage":[120],"smoothing.":[121],"footprints":[124,269],"half":[127],"square":[129],"kilometer":[130],"can":[132,162,381],"contain":[133],"vast":[134],"numbers":[135],"luminaires,":[138],"some":[139],"flicker,":[142],"while":[143],"others":[144],"do":[145],"not.":[146],"If":[147],"many":[148,284],"flickering":[151,182,324],"drawing":[154],"from":[155,325],"common":[157],"AC":[158],"supplier,":[159],"be":[163,382],"synchronized":[164],"leave":[166],"an":[167],"imprint":[168],"profile.":[173],"In":[174],"contrast,":[175],"multiple":[176],"power":[177],"supplies":[178],"will":[179,296,327],"throw":[180],"out":[183],"synchronization,":[185],"resulting":[186],"cacophony":[189],"less":[191],"radiance":[192,241,281,299],"fluctuation.":[193],"examination":[195],"profiles":[199,265],"for":[200,282],"locations":[201],"before":[202],"after":[204],"conversion":[206],"LED":[212,362,371],"streetlight":[213],"conversions":[214,372],"shows":[215],"reduction":[217,349],"index":[220],"dispersion,":[222],"calculated":[223],"dividing":[225],"annual":[227],"mean.":[231],"There":[232],"number":[235],"variables":[237],"contribute":[239],"variations":[242],"DNB,":[246],"including":[247,311],"view":[249],"angle,":[250],"cloud":[251],"optical":[252],"thickness,":[253],"atmospheric":[254],"variability,":[255],"snow":[256],"cover,":[257],"lunar":[258],"illuminance,":[259],"compilation":[262],"using":[266],"pixels":[267],"whose":[268],"not":[271],"perfectly":[272],"aligned.":[273],"It":[274],"makes":[275],"sense":[276],"adjust":[278],"these":[286,294],"extraneous":[287],"effects":[288,369],"possible.":[290],"However,":[291],"none":[292],"adjustments":[295],"reduce":[297],"instability":[300],"introduced":[301],"flicker.":[303],"Because":[304],"known":[307],"affect":[309],"organisms,":[310],"humans,":[312],"development":[314],"methods":[316],"detect":[318],"rate":[320],"strength":[322],"space":[326],"open":[328],"up":[329],"new":[330],"areas":[331],"research":[333],"biologic":[336],"impacts":[337],"artificial":[339],"lighting.":[340],"Over":[341],"time,":[342],"there":[343],"trend":[346],"towards":[347],"outdoor":[353,379],"through":[355],"replacement":[357],"HID":[359],"low-flicker":[361],"sources.":[363],"study":[365],"indicates":[366],"brightness":[375],"steadiness":[377],"analyzed":[383]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}