{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220984399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252","title":"Radar Signal Intrapulse Modulation Recognition Based on a Denoising-Guided Disentangled Network","display_name":"Radar Signal Intrapulse Modulation Recognition Based on a Denoising-Guided Disentangled Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220984399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1252/pdf?version=1646377059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1252/pdf?version=1646377059","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101422965","display_name":"Xiangli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-9444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013778882","display_name":"Jiazhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-7916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074207483","display_name":"Tianze Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianze Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063471318","display_name":"Tianye Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-9873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianye Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102909720","display_name":"Zuping Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-5522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuping Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Communication, Huazhong Universtiy of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Communication, Huazhong Universtiy of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027016896","display_name":"Ying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1914-8780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chinese Construction Third Engineering Bureau, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chinese Construction Third Engineering Bureau, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101807947","display_name":"Jinsheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chinese Construction Third Engineering Bureau, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chinese Construction Third Engineering Bureau, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078339168","display_name":"Dapeng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078339168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.4451,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93272841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1252","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7414954900741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6833693385124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.5508865118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5153574347496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.505073606967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4867701530456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46573179960250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45040637254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23117223381996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.18061405420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11789080500602722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7414954900741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6833693385124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.5508865118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5153574347496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.505073606967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4867701530456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46573179960250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45040637254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23117223381996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18061405420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11789080500602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1252/pdf?version=1646377059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37f581844e5c4ad0a1d2310ef3cfdda7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37f581844e5c4ad0a1d2310ef3cfdda7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1252 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/5/1252/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051252","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1252/pdf?version=1646377059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7657105740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220984399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220984399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502224777","https://openalex.org/W2002643600","https://openalex.org/W2033031845","https://openalex.org/W2049449008","https://openalex.org/W2060184230","https://openalex.org/W2061326122","https://openalex.org/W2114676023","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2586095846","https://openalex.org/W2594396939","https://openalex.org/W2755335499","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2886334544","https://openalex.org/W2888024549","https://openalex.org/W2896988829","https://openalex.org/W2967920509","https://openalex.org/W2990554528","https://openalex.org/W2998872171","https://openalex.org/W2999653953","https://openalex.org/W3011402415","https://openalex.org/W3022065533","https://openalex.org/W3081182628","https://openalex.org/W3104097443","https://openalex.org/W3123268700","https://openalex.org/W3127649164","https://openalex.org/W3129242782","https://openalex.org/W3148401945","https://openalex.org/W3164376598","https://openalex.org/W3173245127","https://openalex.org/W4200192051","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387796150","https://openalex.org/W1990319978","https://openalex.org/W2351655225","https://openalex.org/W2386722878","https://openalex.org/W2313564459","https://openalex.org/W233850645","https://openalex.org/W4385546444","https://openalex.org/W2591718649","https://openalex.org/W3034789145","https://openalex.org/W4367628250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"recognition":[1,34,65,129],"of":[2,66,131,145],"radar":[3,10,20,32,67,75,96],"modulation":[4,98,147],"mode":[5],"helps":[6],"to":[7,40,59,93,110],"better":[8],"estimate":[9],"echo":[11],"parameters,":[12],"thereby":[13],"occupying":[14],"an":[15,54,70],"advantageous":[16],"position":[17],"in":[18,69,133,140],"the":[19,41,62,82,112,115,118,134,141],"electronic":[21],"warfare":[22],"(EW).":[23],"However,":[24],"under":[25,100],"low":[26],"signal-to-noise":[27],"ratio":[28],"environments,":[29],"recent":[30],"deep-learning-based":[31],"signal":[33,76,84,97],"methods":[35],"often":[36],"perform":[37],"poorly":[38],"due":[39],"unsuitable":[42],"denoising":[43,63],"preprocess.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"a":[48,88,95,128],"denoising-guided":[49],"disentangled":[50,80],"network":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"inception":[55],"structure":[56],"is":[57,79,108],"proposed":[58,109],"simultaneously":[60],"complete":[61],"and":[64,91,117,138],"signals":[68],"end-to-end":[71],"manner.":[72],"The":[73],"pure":[74],"representation":[77,85],"(PSR)":[78],"from":[81],"noise":[83,104],"(NSR)":[86],"through":[87],"feature":[89],"disentangler":[90],"used":[92],"learn":[94],"recognizer":[99],"low-SNR":[101],"environments.":[102],"Signal":[103],"mutual":[105],"information":[106],"loss":[107],"enlarge":[111],"gap":[113],"between":[114],"PSR":[116],"NSR.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"that":[123],"our":[124],"method":[125],"can":[126],"obtain":[127],"accuracy":[130],"98.75%":[132],"\u22128":[135],"dB":[136,143],"SNR":[137],"89.25%":[139],"\u221210":[142],"environment":[144],"12":[146],"formats.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}