{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214601276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202","title":"Modern Dryland Source-to-Sink System Segments and Coupling Relationships from Digital Elevation Model Analysis: A Case Study from the Mongolian Altai","display_name":"Modern Dryland Source-to-Sink System Segments and Coupling Relationships from Digital Elevation Model Analysis: A Case Study from the Mongolian Altai","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214601276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1202/pdf?version=1646119408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1202/pdf?version=1646119408","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034715893","display_name":"Zhiwei Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-6822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078494464","display_name":"Hongtao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034715893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2716,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52170767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1202","last_page":"1202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7233645915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.6789901852607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alluvial-fan","display_name":"Alluvial fan","score":0.5060707926750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.47971218824386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.38203945755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.37146681547164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.2899918258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.27534738183021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1450461745262146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7233645915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.6789901852607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32552466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465088","display_name":"Alluvial fan","level":3,"score":0.5060707926750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.47971218824386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.38203945755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.37146681547164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2899918258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.27534738183021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1450461745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1202/pdf?version=1646119408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:903272e1165840468514c9ed3f6d8393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/903272e1165840468514c9ed3f6d8393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1202 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/5/1202/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1202/pdf?version=1646119408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2439772119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41872149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2614611494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42172127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870525900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5407744959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M682522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5479613385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41872149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6006012736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 42172127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6275062119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7093237422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020M682522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8264467799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328899","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214601276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214601276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535168058","https://openalex.org/W1774723856","https://openalex.org/W1914788398","https://openalex.org/W1919711403","https://openalex.org/W1968708864","https://openalex.org/W1972452811","https://openalex.org/W1976518101","https://openalex.org/W1978135243","https://openalex.org/W1990199413","https://openalex.org/W2002311026","https://openalex.org/W2030424211","https://openalex.org/W2038178933","https://openalex.org/W2045353594","https://openalex.org/W2060152348","https://openalex.org/W2067315434","https://openalex.org/W2072193876","https://openalex.org/W2080361589","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2099614748","https://openalex.org/W2111144761","https://openalex.org/W2122003847","https://openalex.org/W2128602249","https://openalex.org/W2132657985","https://openalex.org/W2135966745","https://openalex.org/W2136493903","https://openalex.org/W2148222927","https://openalex.org/W2180160021","https://openalex.org/W2204290202","https://openalex.org/W2262343795","https://openalex.org/W2278240833","https://openalex.org/W2296343494","https://openalex.org/W2520789427","https://openalex.org/W2738273322","https://openalex.org/W2751956366","https://openalex.org/W2796241959","https://openalex.org/W2885475681","https://openalex.org/W2919183700","https://openalex.org/W2946118817","https://openalex.org/W2947384110","https://openalex.org/W2955281508","https://openalex.org/W3021201431","https://openalex.org/W3027426323","https://openalex.org/W3033561059","https://openalex.org/W3044982199","https://openalex.org/W3091930768","https://openalex.org/W3092577029","https://openalex.org/W3120733128","https://openalex.org/W3133557384","https://openalex.org/W3135864123","https://openalex.org/W3135916120","https://openalex.org/W3175541605","https://openalex.org/W3189983733","https://openalex.org/W3193635188","https://openalex.org/W3193641024","https://openalex.org/W3194111228","https://openalex.org/W3194222009","https://openalex.org/W3194297862","https://openalex.org/W3200916602","https://openalex.org/W3201415714","https://openalex.org/W4237234234","https://openalex.org/W4300296744","https://openalex.org/W6630496682","https://openalex.org/W6692419836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148155918","https://openalex.org/W2462682329","https://openalex.org/W2053526712","https://openalex.org/W4206741056","https://openalex.org/W3040595263","https://openalex.org/W1621772017","https://openalex.org/W4239147863","https://openalex.org/W2909855017","https://openalex.org/W2352163239","https://openalex.org/W2264981486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source-to-sink":[0],"(S2S)":[1],"systems":[2,96,113,156,231,262],"have":[3,19],"represented":[4,188],"a":[5,51,76,170,190,209,282,291],"major":[6,222],"area":[7],"of":[8,39,68,97,127,140,148,266,272,290],"research":[9],"in":[10,34,46,206,229,240,259,298],"recent":[11],"years;":[12],"however,":[13],"few":[14],"modern":[15,27,56,292],"S2S":[16,58,66,155,161,296],"system":[17,30,59,67,89,162,174,194,212,297],"analyses":[18],"been":[20],"applied":[21,73],"to":[22,119,158,247],"typical":[23],"dryland":[24,57],"uplifts/mountains.":[25],"A":[26],"lacustrine":[28],"sedimentary":[29,254,288],"is":[31,50,90,167,187,208],"widely":[32],"developed":[33],"the":[35,43,47,64,69,98,120,128,137,141,149,217,227,241,264,267,287],"Great":[36],"Lakes":[37],"Basin":[38],"western":[40],"Mongolia,":[41],"and":[42,81,101,106,109,116,124,145,249,256,270],"Jargalant":[44,70,87,129],"Nuruu":[45,71,88,130],"Mongolian":[48],"Altai":[49],"suitable":[52],"natural":[53],"laboratory":[54],"for":[55,226,285],"analysis.":[60,85],"In":[61],"this":[62],"study,":[63],"multi-order":[65],"was":[72],"based":[74],"on":[75],"digital":[77],"elevation":[78],"model":[79],"(DEM)":[80],"Google":[82],"Earth":[83],"database":[84],"The":[86,152,165,252],"subdivided":[91],"into":[92],"three":[93,153,159],"second-order":[94,154],"sub-S2S":[95,112,230,261],"eastern,":[99],"western,":[100],"southern":[102],"parts":[103],"(S2S-E,":[104],"S2S-W,":[105],"S2S-S,":[107,205],"respectively)":[108],"35":[110],"third-order":[111],"(E1\u2013E18,":[114],"W1\u2013W9,":[115],"S1\u2013S8)":[117],"according":[118],"slope":[121,172,192],"gradients,":[122],"altitude,":[123],"hydrographic":[125],"net":[126],"recognized":[131],"by":[132,169,189],"DEM":[133],"data,":[134],"integrated":[135],"with":[136,177,197,213],"quantitative":[138],"recognition":[139],"topographic":[142],"drainage":[143],"divide":[144],"structural":[146],"patterns":[147],"uplift":[150],"margin.":[151],"correspond":[157],"various":[160],"coupling":[163],"models.":[164],"S2S-E":[166],"characterized":[168],"steep":[171],"gradient":[173,193],"(average":[175,183,195,202],"15.61\u00b0)":[176],"small-scale":[178],"dominantly":[179],"alluvial":[180],"fan":[181],"deposits":[182],"4.56":[184],"km2).":[185,204],"S2S-W":[186],"gentle":[191],"10.24\u00b0)":[196],"large-scale":[198],"dominated":[199],"fan-shaped":[200],"lobes":[201],"30.04":[203],"contrast,":[207],"transformation":[210],"zone":[211],"transitional":[214],"features":[215,289],"between":[216],"two":[218],"former":[219],"types.":[220],"Four":[221],"potential":[223],"controlling":[224],"factors":[225],"difference":[228],"are":[232,263],"summarized":[233],"here,":[234],"including":[235],"tectonic":[236],"activity,":[237],"bedrock":[238],"properties":[239],"source":[242,246],"area,":[243],"morphology":[244],"from":[245],"sink,":[248],"climatic":[250],"conditions.":[251],"landforms,":[253],"characteristics,":[255],"their":[257],"differences":[258],"these":[260,273],"result":[265],"comprehensive":[268],"influence":[269],"control":[271],"multiple":[274],"factors.":[275],"This":[276],"case":[277],"study":[278],"could":[279],"serve":[280],"as":[281],"useful":[283],"reference":[284],"characterizing":[286],"or":[293],"even":[294],"ancient":[295],"other":[299],"regions.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}