{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213455476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090","title":"The \u201cFuzzy\u201d Repair of Urban Building Facade Point Cloud Based on Distribution Regularity","display_name":"The \u201cFuzzy\u201d Repair of Urban Building Facade Point Cloud Based on Distribution Regularity","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213455476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1090/pdf?version=1645683764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1090/pdf?version=1645683764","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068134989","display_name":"Zijian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4414-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110709899","display_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102375640","display_name":"Jicang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jicang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772010","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015976016","display_name":"Yanyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001697092","display_name":"Zhenlun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200946902","display_name":"Yichun University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4th693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200946902"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Development Administration of Yichun, Yichun 336000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Development Administration of Yichun, Yichun 336000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200946902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068134989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80538839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1090","last_page":"1090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8531539440155029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facade","display_name":"Facade","score":0.7534487247467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672334611415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5892003178596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5674886703491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5450378656387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4754894971847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.43808549642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4164355397224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4062916040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39321368932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3135646879673004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.23212701082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20064669847488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.19925197958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13844779133796692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8531539440155029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780113678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183061","display_name":"Facade","level":2,"score":0.7534487247467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672334611415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5892003178596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5674886703491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5450378656387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4754894971847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43808549642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4164355397224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4062916040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39321368932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3135646879673004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.23212701082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20064669847488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.19925197958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13844779133796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1090/pdf?version=1645683764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9b13f29143b4219aac086d72a7894b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9b13f29143b4219aac086d72a7894b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1090 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/5/1090/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 1090","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1090/pdf?version=1645683764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529438324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213455476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213455476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000018820","https://openalex.org/W2007120036","https://openalex.org/W2014997627","https://openalex.org/W2020053872","https://openalex.org/W2025529320","https://openalex.org/W2027710719","https://openalex.org/W2041170980","https://openalex.org/W2075165966","https://openalex.org/W2088583529","https://openalex.org/W2089238886","https://openalex.org/W2155650769","https://openalex.org/W2202678121","https://openalex.org/W2256450472","https://openalex.org/W2288642056","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2312372683","https://openalex.org/W2353194725","https://openalex.org/W2390274059","https://openalex.org/W2488853479","https://openalex.org/W2565235430","https://openalex.org/W2765291436","https://openalex.org/W2794321690","https://openalex.org/W2921267609","https://openalex.org/W2948023597","https://openalex.org/W2982060384","https://openalex.org/W2984894900","https://openalex.org/W2997185100","https://openalex.org/W3022095505","https://openalex.org/W3044432780","https://openalex.org/W3046680952","https://openalex.org/W3047576458","https://openalex.org/W3107148370","https://openalex.org/W3120849970","https://openalex.org/W3123946103","https://openalex.org/W3143963681","https://openalex.org/W3152699460","https://openalex.org/W6730863170","https://openalex.org/W6792571705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W194964019","https://openalex.org/W2027448362","https://openalex.org/W2261089677","https://openalex.org/W2101010475","https://openalex.org/W2096843629","https://openalex.org/W1943978607","https://openalex.org/W2186886946","https://openalex.org/W2988109329","https://openalex.org/W580323445","https://openalex.org/W2359191188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190,209],"integrity":[1,196],"of":[2,85,91,122,206,214,246,254],"point":[3,27,41,75,103,107,187,255],"cloud":[4,28,42,76,108,188,256],"is":[5,30,245],"the":[6,34,82,89,100,106,115,119,136,144,148,159,162,176,180,199,204,207,215,250],"basis":[7],"for":[8,39,99,249],"smoothly":[9],"ensuring":[10],"subsequent":[11],"data":[12,29,46,195],"processing":[13],"and":[14,19,48,118,147,179,201,211,222,230,239,252],"application.":[15],"For":[16],"\u201cSmart":[17],"City\u201d":[18],"\u201cScan":[20],"to":[21,57,111,114,143,166,203],"Building":[22],"Information":[23],"Modeling":[24],"(BIM)\u201d,":[25],"complete":[26],"essential.":[31],"At":[32],"present,":[33],"most":[35],"commonly":[36],"used":[37],"methods":[38,52],"repairing":[40],"holes":[43,160],"are":[44,62],"multi-source":[45],"fusion":[47],"interpolation.":[49],"However,":[50],"these":[51,70],"either":[53],"make":[54],"it":[55,240],"difficult":[56],"obtain":[58],"data,":[59],"or":[60,66,133],"they":[61],"ineffective":[63],"at":[64,88],"repairs":[65,183],"labor-intensive.":[67],"To":[68],"solve":[69],"problems,":[71],"we":[72],"proposed":[73],"a":[74,92],"\u201cfuzzy\u201d":[77],"repair":[78,200,251],"algorithm":[79],"based":[80,154],"on":[81,155],"distribution":[83],"regularity":[84],"buildings,":[86],"aiming":[87],"fa\u00e7ade":[90],"building":[93],"in":[94,161,257],"an":[95],"urban":[96,258],"scene,":[97],"especially":[98],"vehicle":[101],"Lidar":[102],"cloud.":[104],"First,":[105],"was":[109,140],"rotated":[110],"be":[112,167],"parallel":[113],"plane":[116],"XOZ,":[117],"feature":[120],"boundaries":[121,127,139],"buildings":[123],"were":[124,128,150,169,184,218],"extracted.":[125],"These":[126],"further":[129],"classified":[130],"as":[131],"horizontal":[132],"vertical.":[134],"Then,":[135],"distance":[137],"between":[138],"calculated":[141],"according":[142],"Euclidean":[145],"distance,":[146],"points":[149],"divided":[151],"into":[152],"grids":[153,174],"this":[156],"distance.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"grid":[163,217],"that":[164,194],"needed":[165],"repaired":[168,216],"filled":[170],"from":[171],"four":[172],"adjacent":[173],"by":[175,186],"\u201ccopy\u2013paste\u201d":[177],"method,":[178],"final":[181],"hole":[182],"realized":[185],"smoothing.":[189],"quantitative":[191],"results":[192],"showed":[193],"improved":[197],"after":[198],"conformed":[202],"state":[205],"building.":[208],"angle":[210],"position":[212],"deviation":[213],"less":[219,236],"than":[220],"0.54\u00b0":[221],"3.25":[223],"cm,":[224],"respectively.":[225],"Compared":[226],"with":[227],"human\u2013computer":[228],"interaction":[229],"other":[231],"methods,":[232],"our":[233],"method":[234],"required":[235],"human":[237],"intervention,":[238],"had":[241],"high":[242],"efficiency.":[243],"This":[244],"promotional":[247],"significance":[248],"modeling":[253],"buildings.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-02-25T00:00:00"}