{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213413385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088","title":"Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancements at Low Latitudes Challenge Performance of the Global Ionospheric Maps","display_name":"Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancements at Low Latitudes Challenge Performance of the Global Ionospheric Maps","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213413385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1088/pdf?version=1645616353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1088/pdf?version=1645616353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103107941","display_name":"Yuyan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032269255","display_name":"Libo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Libo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042589839","display_name":"Xiukuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1342-7671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiukuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110626719","display_name":"Haiyong Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006044524","display_name":"Yiding Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-9112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiding Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090086546","display_name":"Huijun Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijun Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057901877","display_name":"Ruilong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-2496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruilong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091508507","display_name":"M. Arslan Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139369","display_name":"Abdus Salam Centre for Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03e1sv842","country_code":"PK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Arslan Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336581","display_name":"Wenbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-728X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032269255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81786824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1088","last_page":"1088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.7630150318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.7431697845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7026302814483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.5916458368301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitude","display_name":"Longitude","score":0.5800454020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.5625273585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.48041868209838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45554038882255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4464857578277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.39634013175964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.35031720995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.349758505821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12857472896575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.12847694754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07798054814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.056332141160964966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.7630150318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.7431697845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7026302814483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5916458368301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36477","display_name":"Longitude","level":3,"score":0.5800454020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.5625273585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.48041868209838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45554038882255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4464857578277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.39634013175964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35031720995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.349758505821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12857472896575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.12847694754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07798054814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.056332141160964966}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1088/pdf?version=1645616353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b20fbd723c64115a6a67f6e8139f75c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b20fbd723c64115a6a67f6e8139f75c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1088 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/5/1088/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 1088","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14051088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051088","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1088/pdf?version=1645616353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3217002595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466649759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6524537755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42174204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6878722485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6988920736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0131400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340078520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G962674610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213413385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213413385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575861620","https://openalex.org/W1610798960","https://openalex.org/W1614001277","https://openalex.org/W1619265355","https://openalex.org/W1740003552","https://openalex.org/W1901979604","https://openalex.org/W1969396600","https://openalex.org/W1976378416","https://openalex.org/W1981311380","https://openalex.org/W1987326676","https://openalex.org/W1988141393","https://openalex.org/W1993196165","https://openalex.org/W1999176604","https://openalex.org/W2013436844","https://openalex.org/W2021010887","https://openalex.org/W2021594447","https://openalex.org/W2036194033","https://openalex.org/W2041771889","https://openalex.org/W2043192009","https://openalex.org/W2055147899","https://openalex.org/W2056154039","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2065254725","https://openalex.org/W2065444563","https://openalex.org/W2077062294","https://openalex.org/W2080857765","https://openalex.org/W2086555535","https://openalex.org/W2091782546","https://openalex.org/W2093587446","https://openalex.org/W2094797839","https://openalex.org/W2109846220","https://openalex.org/W2146528706","https://openalex.org/W2149320795","https://openalex.org/W2161509336","https://openalex.org/W2163347516","https://openalex.org/W2307305982","https://openalex.org/W2478435350","https://openalex.org/W2611351333","https://openalex.org/W2743134078","https://openalex.org/W2770194917","https://openalex.org/W2883843411","https://openalex.org/W2990229927","https://openalex.org/W3130663119","https://openalex.org/W3187266975","https://openalex.org/W3198322006","https://openalex.org/W6944926600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391986911","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2280162962","https://openalex.org/W2170328996","https://openalex.org/W2281447254","https://openalex.org/W1989070650","https://openalex.org/W2550010074","https://openalex.org/W2770061914","https://openalex.org/W1992137669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"two":[3,51,80,153],"ionospheric":[4],"nighttime":[5],"enhancement":[6],"(INE)":[7],"events":[8,53],"at":[9],"low":[10],"latitudes":[11],"are":[12,76,156],"selected":[13],"to":[14,106,114,140,146,158],"investigate":[15],"their":[16,115,160],"spatial":[17,39,117,165],"features":[18,75],"through":[19],"the":[20,32,37,55,79,87,108,122,127,129,136,142,185,190,194],"observations":[21],"from":[22,100,126,152],"Global":[23,90],"Navigation":[24],"Satellite":[25],"System":[26],"(GNSS)":[27],"receivers":[28],"and":[29,43,63,73,94,118,144,180],"ionosondes.":[30],"For":[31],"first":[33],"time,":[34],"we":[35],"present":[36],"detailed":[38],"pictures":[40],"of":[41,58,89,124,193],"premidnight":[42],"postmidnight":[44],"INEs":[45,112,125],"under":[46],"geomagnetically":[47],"quiet":[48],"conditions.":[49],"The":[50,148,167],"INE":[52],"have":[54,184],"maximum":[56],"extents":[57],"about":[59],"11\u00b0":[60],"\u00d7":[61,65,68],"34\u00b0":[62],"17\u00b0":[64],"25\u00b0":[66],"(longitude":[67],"latitude),":[69],"respectively.":[70],"Dramatic":[71],"latitudinal":[72,191],"longitudinal":[74],"revealed":[77],"in":[78,188],"INEs.":[81],"We":[82],"perform":[83],"a":[84],"comparison":[85],"between":[86],"products":[88],"Ionospheric":[91],"Maps":[92],"(GIMs)":[93],"total":[95],"electron":[96],"content":[97],"(TEC)":[98],"measurement":[99],"GNSS":[101],"receivers.":[102],"However,":[103],"GIMs":[104],"fail":[105],"capture":[107],"TEC":[109],"distribution":[110],"during":[111],"owing":[113],"limited":[116],"temporal":[119],"resolution.":[120,166],"Considering":[121],"extent":[123],"observations,":[128],"spherical":[130],"harmonic":[131],"(SH)":[132],"expansion":[133],"adopted":[134],"by":[135],"GIM":[137,154],"models":[138,155],"needs":[139],"upgrade":[141],"degree":[143],"order":[145],"36.":[147],"pixel-based":[149],"methods":[150],"developed":[151],"required":[157],"reduce":[159],"grid":[161],"size":[162],"for":[163],"higher":[164],"recommended":[168],"time":[169],"interval":[170],"is":[171],"shorter":[172],"than":[173],"30":[174],"min.":[175],"Among":[176],"seven":[177],"GIMs,":[178],"CODG":[179],"JPLG":[181],"maps":[182],"generally":[183],"best":[186],"performance":[187],"reproducing":[189],"structure":[192],"ionosphere.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2022-02-25T00:00:00"}