{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213202028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050","title":"Global Spatiotemporal Variability of Integrated Water Vapor Derived from GPS, GOME/SCIAMACHY and ERA-Interim: Annual Cycle, Frequency Distribution and Linear Trends","display_name":"Global Spatiotemporal Variability of Integrated Water Vapor Derived from GPS, GOME/SCIAMACHY and ERA-Interim: Annual Cycle, Frequency Distribution and Linear Trends","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213202028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14041050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/1050/pdf?version=1645591762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/1050/pdf?version=1645591762","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020121044","display_name":"Roeland Van Malderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108839631","display_name":"Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/058qm9p63","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108839631"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roeland Van Malderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108839631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038249856","display_name":"Eric Pottiaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7347-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799502024","display_name":"Royal Observatory of Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjks330","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799502024"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Pottiaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799502024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036943140","display_name":"Gintautas Stank\u016bnavi\u010dius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gintautas Stankunavicius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Geosciences, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Geosciences, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090403652","display_name":"Steffen Beirle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Beirle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPI-C), 55128 Mainz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPI-C), 55128 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057840118","display_name":"Thomas Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-0966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPI-C), 55128 Mainz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPI-C), 55128 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084587323","display_name":"Hugues Brenot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198448160","display_name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfw8w96","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198448160"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugues Brenot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA), 1180 Uccle, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA), 1180 Uccle, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198448160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060417851","display_name":"Carine Bruyninx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-3945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799502024","display_name":"Royal Observatory of Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjks330","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799502024"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carine Bruyninx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 1180 Uccle, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799502024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000734784","display_name":"Jonathan Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020121044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108839631"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85260705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1050","last_page":"1050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sciamachy","display_name":"SCIAMACHY","score":0.7812085151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7641716003417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5215322971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4756740629673004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.41261082887649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.4115503132343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3329673409461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.20908790826797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20513710379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09172943234443665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777812092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2205341","display_name":"SCIAMACHY","level":3,"score":0.7812085151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7641716003417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5215322971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4756740629673004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.41261082887649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.4115503132343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3329673409461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.20908790826797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20513710379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09172943234443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14041050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/1050/pdf?version=1645591762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fc9be8624c63446d9e4d0e7183aad84b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fc9be8624c63446d9e4d0e7183aad84b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 1050 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/4/1050/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14041050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14041050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/1050/pdf?version=1645591762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213202028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213202028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568858671","https://openalex.org/W1969920441","https://openalex.org/W1992450374","https://openalex.org/W2021517686","https://openalex.org/W2039425311","https://openalex.org/W2042612670","https://openalex.org/W2046551679","https://openalex.org/W2047953700","https://openalex.org/W2061347432","https://openalex.org/W2062649567","https://openalex.org/W2067715694","https://openalex.org/W2071416426","https://openalex.org/W2071949216","https://openalex.org/W2078790182","https://openalex.org/W2082957550","https://openalex.org/W2107971176","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2122511023","https://openalex.org/W2140050818","https://openalex.org/W2144377775","https://openalex.org/W2149112844","https://openalex.org/W2149237966","https://openalex.org/W2154428333","https://openalex.org/W2173251738","https://openalex.org/W2177211099","https://openalex.org/W2177501413","https://openalex.org/W2180241739","https://openalex.org/W2253684635","https://openalex.org/W2339292718","https://openalex.org/W2340310538","https://openalex.org/W2411271963","https://openalex.org/W2506210041","https://openalex.org/W2525802607","https://openalex.org/W2624385262","https://openalex.org/W2738885963","https://openalex.org/W2756649732","https://openalex.org/W2784067163","https://openalex.org/W2785375079","https://openalex.org/W2801254636","https://openalex.org/W2887606106","https://openalex.org/W2892653541","https://openalex.org/W2914475297","https://openalex.org/W3008445575","https://openalex.org/W3014125413","https://openalex.org/W3019022898","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3085788863","https://openalex.org/W3157494358","https://openalex.org/W3169297534","https://openalex.org/W3209892613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136496828","https://openalex.org/W4255524422","https://openalex.org/W1621327180","https://openalex.org/W4249144026","https://openalex.org/W1972403143","https://openalex.org/W1658850380","https://openalex.org/W2142147023","https://openalex.org/W4243466103","https://openalex.org/W3187530275","https://openalex.org/W3168205865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atmospheric":[0],"water":[1,25],"vapor":[2,26],"plays":[3],"a":[4,123,130,135,147,173],"prominent":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,155,176],"climate":[8],"change":[9],"and":[10,13,58,76,100,139,159,195],"atmospheric,":[11],"meteorological,":[12],"hydrological":[14],"processes.":[15],"Because":[16],"of":[17,24,91,106,110,122,167,179],"its":[18],"high":[19,152],"spatiotemporal":[20],"variability,":[21],"precise":[22],"quantification":[23],"is":[27],"challenging.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"investigates":[31],"Integrated":[32],"Water":[33],"Vapor":[34],"(IWV)":[35],"variability":[36],"for":[37],"the":[38,86,96,104,111,120,163,168,177,180,187],"period":[39],"1995\u20132010":[40],"at":[41,74],"118":[42],"globally":[43],"distributed":[44],"Global":[45],"Positioning":[46],"System":[47],"(GPS)":[48],"sites,":[49,78],"using":[50],"additional":[51],"UV/VIS":[52],"satellite":[53],"retrievals":[54],"by":[55,119,129,146],"GOME,":[56],"SCIAMACHY,":[57],"GOME-2":[59],"(denoted":[60],"as":[61],"GOMESCIA":[62],"below),":[63],"plus":[64],"ERA-Interim":[65],"reanalysis":[66],"output.":[67],"Apart":[68],"from":[69],"spatial":[70],"representativeness":[71],"differences,":[72],"particularly":[73],"coastal":[75],"island":[77],"all":[79,95],"three":[80],"IWV":[81,112,182],"datasets":[82],"correlate":[83],"well":[84],"with":[85,134,151],"lowest":[87],"mean":[88],"correlation":[89],"coefficient":[90],"0.878":[92],"(averaged":[93],"over":[94],"sites)":[97],"between":[98,186],"GPS":[99],"GOMESCIA.":[101],"We":[102],"confirm":[103],"dominance":[105],"standard":[107,131],"lognormal":[108,132,149],"distribution":[109,133,150],"time":[113,169],"series,":[114,170],"which":[115],"can":[116],"be":[117],"explained":[118],"combination":[121],"lower":[124],"mode":[125,142],"(dry":[126],"season":[127,144],"characterized":[128,145],"low":[136],"median":[137,153],"value)":[138,154],"an":[140],"upper":[141],"(wet":[143],"reverse":[148],"European,":[156],"Western":[157],"American,":[158],"subtropical":[160],"sites.":[161],"Despite":[162],"relatively":[164],"short":[165],"length":[166],"we":[171],"found":[172],"good":[174],"consistency":[175],"sign":[178],"continental":[181],"trends,":[183],"not":[184],"only":[185],"different":[188],"datasets,":[189],"but":[190],"also":[191],"compared":[192],"to":[193],"temperature":[194],"precipitation":[196],"trends.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}