{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213092196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975","title":"NaGAN: Nadir-like Generative Adversarial Network for Off-Nadir Object Detection of Multi-View Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"NaGAN: Nadir-like Generative Adversarial Network for Off-Nadir Object Detection of Multi-View Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213092196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/975/pdf?version=1645153466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/975/pdf?version=1645153466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086524812","display_name":"Lei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-7724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing, Beijing 100192, China","Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047574411","display_name":"Chunlei Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlei Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067715727","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-2593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107809134","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8245-1860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002496318","display_name":"Luyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021600538","display_name":"Kangkang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangkang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854736","display_name":"Zhixin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101854736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65933764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"975","last_page":"975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.9852707386016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.658485472202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6294436454772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5169826745986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4923039674758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45859235525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45540058612823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.41756510734558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4138481616973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18912971019744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.16957756876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13484951853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.10448282957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10151240229606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09803840517997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.0833500325679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07744470238685608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.9852707386016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.658485472202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6294436454772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5169826745986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4923039674758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45859235525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45540058612823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.41756510734558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4138481616973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18912971019744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16957756876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13484951853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.10448282957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10151240229606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09803840517997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0833500325679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07744470238685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/975/pdf?version=1645153466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d945cb20f44342bd9529cc695251b34f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d945cb20f44342bd9529cc695251b34f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 975 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/4/975/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/975/pdf?version=1645153466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3054138389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213092196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213092196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588994728","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1913744585","https://openalex.org/W1929856797","https://openalex.org/W1955055330","https://openalex.org/W2052094314","https://openalex.org/W2143238378","https://openalex.org/W2162600997","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2560741668","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2589547048","https://openalex.org/W2590500019","https://openalex.org/W2598199894","https://openalex.org/W2604176797","https://openalex.org/W2620778761","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2886335102","https://openalex.org/W2894737833","https://openalex.org/W2914733350","https://openalex.org/W2929499422","https://openalex.org/W2929738993","https://openalex.org/W2934198733","https://openalex.org/W2963474852","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2981662367","https://openalex.org/W3004146378","https://openalex.org/W3015457839","https://openalex.org/W3024286373","https://openalex.org/W3034427487","https://openalex.org/W3036643472","https://openalex.org/W3080580366","https://openalex.org/W3104639723","https://openalex.org/W3105146621","https://openalex.org/W3120254195","https://openalex.org/W3125412419","https://openalex.org/W3210303754","https://openalex.org/W3215594189","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6704251039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293320219","https://openalex.org/W2953246223","https://openalex.org/W4283584549","https://openalex.org/W2554314924","https://openalex.org/W4288256692","https://openalex.org/W2998859928","https://openalex.org/W4381885966","https://openalex.org/W2969399009","https://openalex.org/W4398186750","https://openalex.org/W3151498616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"off-nadir":[1,39,65,85,125,152],"objects":[2],"is":[3,53],"a":[4,22,46,72,75,88],"well-known":[5],"challenge":[6],"in":[7,43,55,77,150],"remote":[8,33,44,139],"sensing":[9,34,140],"due":[10],"to":[11,82,87,96,108,146],"the":[12,38,60,64,79,84,99,102,106,114,118,122,134,142,147],"distortion":[13],"and":[14,28,66,74,101,120],"mutable":[15],"representation.":[16],"Existing":[17],"methods":[18],"mainly":[19],"focus":[20],"on":[21,133],"narrow":[23],"range":[24],"of":[25,71,124,144],"view":[26],"angles,":[27],"they":[29,93],"ignore":[30],"broad-view":[31],"pantoscopic":[32],"imagery.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"object":[40,86,126],"detection":[41,127],"problem":[42],"sensing,":[45],"new":[47],"nadir-like":[48,89,111],"generative":[49],"adversarial":[50],"network":[51],"(NaGAN)":[52],"proposed":[54],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"by":[58,98],"narrowing":[59],"representation":[61],"differences":[62],"between":[63,117],"nadir":[67],"object.":[68],"NaGAN":[69,145],"consists":[70],"generator":[73,80,107,119],"discriminator,":[76,100,121],"which":[78],"learns":[81],"transform":[83],"one":[90],"so":[91],"that":[92],"are":[94,128],"difficult":[95],"discriminate":[97],"discriminator":[103],"competes":[104],"with":[105],"learn":[109],"more":[110],"features.":[112],"With":[113],"progressive":[115],"competition":[116],"performances":[123],"improved":[129],"significantly.":[130],"Extensive":[131],"evaluations":[132],"challenging":[135],"SpaceNet":[136],"benchmark":[137],"for":[138],"demonstrate":[141],"superiority":[143],"well-established":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149],"detecting":[151],"objects.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}