{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213021097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888","title":"Comprehensive Study on the Tropospheric Wet Delay and Horizontal Gradients during a Severe Weather Event","display_name":"Comprehensive Study on the Tropospheric Wet Delay and Horizontal Gradients during a Severe Weather Event","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213021097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/888/pdf?version=1644666406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/888/pdf?version=1644666406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077415248","display_name":"Victoria Graffigna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6903-5891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138160","display_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/03qan4b12","country_code":"AR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4210138160","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874386039","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/01tjs6929","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Graffigna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013877845","display_name":"Manuel Hern\u00e1ndez Pajares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9687-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Hern\u00e1ndez-Pajares","raw_affiliation_strings":["IonSAT, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IonSAT, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054877589","display_name":"Francisco Azpilicueta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-6506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138160","display_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/03qan4b12","country_code":"AR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4210138160","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874386039","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/01tjs6929","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Azpilicueta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084094271","display_name":"M. Gende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-4969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874386039","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/01tjs6929","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138160","display_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - La Plata","ror":"https://ror.org/03qan4b12","country_code":"AR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4210138160","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio Gende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias Astron\u00f3micas y Geof\u00edsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874386039"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077415248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138160","https://openalex.org/I874386039"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":8.0393,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96565236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"888","last_page":"888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7410669326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.6211235523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5659908652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.562501072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.5374773740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5273849964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.33332347869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.19521385431289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17010954022407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09639441967010498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7410669326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6211235523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5659908652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.562501072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.5374773740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5273849964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.33332347869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.19521385431289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17010954022407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09639441967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/888/pdf?version=1644666406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57ed4ebdd5da406296774be30b0ccbcf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57ed4ebdd5da406296774be30b0ccbcf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 888 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/4/888/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 4; Pages: 888","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/366860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/366860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040888","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/888/pdf?version=1644666406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213021097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213021097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1793559719","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2002339228","https://openalex.org/W2021214714","https://openalex.org/W2030961469","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2047586898","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2066693312","https://openalex.org/W2074869869","https://openalex.org/W2092086414","https://openalex.org/W2102082999","https://openalex.org/W2103866396","https://openalex.org/W2107442290","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2130384435","https://openalex.org/W2292117772","https://openalex.org/W2334201886","https://openalex.org/W2411271963","https://openalex.org/W2737734724","https://openalex.org/W2890309001","https://openalex.org/W2892156941","https://openalex.org/W2893726365","https://openalex.org/W2895016787","https://openalex.org/W2907607336","https://openalex.org/W2956574200","https://openalex.org/W2959095472","https://openalex.org/W3019052674","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3036685143","https://openalex.org/W3164098043","https://openalex.org/W3199246315","https://openalex.org/W3207401889","https://openalex.org/W3207593641","https://openalex.org/W6632175673","https://openalex.org/W6698741173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000020747","https://openalex.org/W1990218305","https://openalex.org/W4312858480","https://openalex.org/W2464306678","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W2379261655","https://openalex.org/W2033155270","https://openalex.org/W2772047739","https://openalex.org/W2039938883","https://openalex.org/W4377834234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GNSS":[0,183],"meteorology":[1,184],"is":[2,170],"today":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,22,30,79,116,160,179,189,193],"the":[6,20,28,47,53,67,77,103,109,114,117,123,135,139,142,147,157,161,174,182,186],"most":[7],"growing":[8],"technologies":[9],"to":[10,33,108,113,185],"monitor":[11,34],"severe":[12,195],"weather":[13,196],"events.":[14,197],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18],"present":[19],"usage":[21],"160":[23],"GPS":[24],"reference":[25],"stations":[26],"over":[27],"period":[29,167],"14":[31],"days":[32],"and":[35,52,64,94,112,133,137,141],"track":[36],"Hurricane":[37],"Harvey,":[38],"which":[39,169],"struck":[40],"Texas":[41],"in":[42,69,191],"August":[43],"2017.":[44],"We":[45,75,119],"estimate":[46],"Zenith":[48],"Wet":[49],"Delay":[50],"(ZWD)":[51],"tropospheric":[54,124],"gradients":[55,125,131,144],"with":[56,82,128,138,163],"30":[57],"s":[58],"interval":[59],"using":[60],"TOMION":[61],"v2":[62],"software":[63],"carry":[65],"out":[66],"processing":[68],"Precise":[70],"Point":[71],"Positioning":[72],"(PPP)":[73],"mode.":[74],"study":[76,150,180],"relationship":[78],"these":[80],"parameters":[81],"atmospheric":[83],"variables":[84],"extracted":[85],"from":[86],"Tropical":[87],"Rainfall":[88],"Measuring":[89],"Mission":[90],"(TRMM)":[91],"satellite":[92],"mission":[93],"climate":[95],"reanalysis":[96],"model":[97],"ERA5.":[98],"This":[99,149,177],"research":[100],"finds":[101],"that":[102,122],"ZWD":[104,175],"shows":[105,152],"patterns":[106],"related":[107],"rainfall":[110],"rate":[111],"location":[115],"hurricane.":[118,148],"also":[120,151,171],"find":[121],"are":[126],"correlated":[127],"water":[129],"vapor":[130],"before":[132],"after":[134,146],"hurricane,":[136],"wind":[140],"pressure":[143],"only":[145],"a":[153,164],"new":[154],"finding":[155],"regarding":[156],"spectral":[158],"distribution":[159],"gradients,":[162],"clear":[165],"diurnal":[166],"present,":[168],"found":[172],"on":[173],"itself.":[176],"kind":[178],"approaches":[181],"increasing":[187],"requirements":[188],"meteorologist":[190],"terms":[192],"monitoring":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}