{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211154273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843","title":"GPM DPR Retrievals: Algorithm, Evaluation, and Validation","display_name":"GPM DPR Retrievals: Algorithm, Evaluation, and Validation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211154273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/843/pdf?version=1644561073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/843/pdf?version=1644561073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951901","display_name":"Liang Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076128314","display_name":"R. Meneghini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-0843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Meneghini","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101951901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":8.5671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9881446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"843","last_page":"843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.6423314809799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6248626112937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6228541135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.60763019323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.5937305092811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5895195007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5630145072937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5595448613166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5237748026847839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5024974346160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.47876253724098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4017861485481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.3508639335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1986006498336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15257373452186584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.6423314809799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6248626112937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6228541135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.60763019323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.5937305092811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5895195007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5630145072937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5595448613166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5237748026847839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5024974346160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47876253724098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4017861485481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.3508639335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1986006498336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15257373452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/843/pdf?version=1644561073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31452ff36fbc4390833a0b0d5745da2c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31452ff36fbc4390833a0b0d5745da2c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 843 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/4/843/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 4; Pages: 843","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14040843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/843/pdf?version=1644561073","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4402928600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH18ZDA001N-PMMST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211154273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211154273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W779036691","https://openalex.org/W1589924446","https://openalex.org/W1967362190","https://openalex.org/W1997656840","https://openalex.org/W1999741128","https://openalex.org/W2002798225","https://openalex.org/W2011033761","https://openalex.org/W2024325283","https://openalex.org/W2028845627","https://openalex.org/W2039845302","https://openalex.org/W2042456683","https://openalex.org/W2046573063","https://openalex.org/W2053211610","https://openalex.org/W2065117080","https://openalex.org/W2065910705","https://openalex.org/W2073151905","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2091458129","https://openalex.org/W2103737497","https://openalex.org/W2113471923","https://openalex.org/W2135944537","https://openalex.org/W2142611335","https://openalex.org/W2146920208","https://openalex.org/W2151112895","https://openalex.org/W2293682603","https://openalex.org/W2400017430","https://openalex.org/W2471055205","https://openalex.org/W2471426220","https://openalex.org/W2512750331","https://openalex.org/W2522735060","https://openalex.org/W2546908546","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2588997247","https://openalex.org/W2672495453","https://openalex.org/W2765872005","https://openalex.org/W2767868032","https://openalex.org/W2784877417","https://openalex.org/W2794403946","https://openalex.org/W2801322915","https://openalex.org/W2890891892","https://openalex.org/W2900554397","https://openalex.org/W2901438339","https://openalex.org/W2911813909","https://openalex.org/W2926318831","https://openalex.org/W2945319266","https://openalex.org/W2951461589","https://openalex.org/W2967276507","https://openalex.org/W2992182056","https://openalex.org/W2995072706","https://openalex.org/W3037280638","https://openalex.org/W3080700618","https://openalex.org/W3087715552","https://openalex.org/W3094636722","https://openalex.org/W3098346251","https://openalex.org/W3110738151","https://openalex.org/W3111564380","https://openalex.org/W3142009936","https://openalex.org/W3148277955","https://openalex.org/W3168982276","https://openalex.org/W3169741373","https://openalex.org/W3206014990","https://openalex.org/W4235608445","https://openalex.org/W6681009631","https://openalex.org/W6792949280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320082366","https://openalex.org/W2070590819","https://openalex.org/W2110448424","https://openalex.org/W22269195","https://openalex.org/W2180449666","https://openalex.org/W3111718007","https://openalex.org/W2319299270","https://openalex.org/W2030699808","https://openalex.org/W2778026496","https://openalex.org/W2111516701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,182],"primary":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,30,89,111,128,145,158,163,176,202],"the":[4,10,38,52,70,75,84,90,107,119,136,143,146,155,159,164,179,191,200,203,207,216,221,234],"dual-frequency":[5,193],"precipitation":[6,21],"radar":[7,113],"(DPR)":[8],"aboard":[9],"Global":[11],"Precipitation":[12],"Measurement":[13],"(GPM)":[14],"Core":[15],"Observatory":[16],"satellite":[17],"is":[18,33,167,186,198,239],"to":[19,36,68,82,94,105,141,151,170,219,241],"infer":[20],"rate":[22,49,185],"and":[23,51,64,86,109,114,130,148,224,244],"raindrop/particle":[24],"size":[25],"distributions":[26],"(DSD/PSD).":[27],"focus":[29],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"threefold:":[34],"(1)":[35],"describe":[37],"DPR":[39,71,100,120,183,217,235],"retrieval":[40,91],"algorithm":[41,72,123,218],"that":[42,78],"uses":[43],"an":[44,57],"adjustable":[45,160],"relationship":[46,59],"between":[47],"rain":[48,115,137,243],"(R)":[50],"mass-weighted":[53],"diameter":[54],"(Dm)":[55],"or":[56],"R-Dm":[58,165],"in":[60,132,135,178,215,233],"solving":[61],"for":[62,99,173],"R":[63,129,147],"Dm":[65,131,149],"simultaneously;":[66],"(2)":[67],"evaluate":[69],"based":[73],"on":[74],"physical":[76],"simulations":[77],"employ":[79],"measured":[80],"DSD/PSD":[81],"understand":[83],"mechanism":[85],"error":[87],"characteristics":[88],"method;":[92],"(3)":[93],"review":[95],"ground":[96,112],"validation":[97],"studies":[98],"products":[101],"as":[102,104,154,188],"well":[103],"analyze":[106],"strengths":[108],"weaknesses":[110],"gauge/disdrometer":[116],"validations.":[117],"Overall,":[118],"Version":[121,236],"6":[122],"provides":[124],"reasonably":[125],"accurate":[126],"estimates":[127,150],"rain.":[133],"Non-uniformity":[134],"profile,":[138],"however,":[139],"tends":[140],"degrade":[142],"accuracy":[144],"some":[152],"extent":[153],"range-independent":[156,225],"assumption":[157],"parameter":[161],"(\u03b5)":[162],"relation":[166],"not":[168],"able":[169],"fully":[171],"account":[172],"natural":[174],"variation":[175],"DSD":[177],"vertical":[180],"profile.":[181],"snow":[184,245],"underestimated":[187],"compared":[189],"with":[190,206],"independent":[192],"ratio":[194],"(DFR)":[195],"technique.":[196],"This":[197],"possibly":[199],"result":[201],"constraint":[204],"associated":[205],"path":[208],"integral":[209],"attenuation":[210],"(PIA)/differential":[211],"PIA":[212],"(\u03b4PIA)":[213],"used":[214],"find":[220],"best":[222],"\u03b5":[223,226,230],"assumption.":[227],"A":[228],"range-variable":[229],"model,":[231],"proposed":[232],"7":[237],"algorithm,":[238],"expected":[240],"improve":[242],"retrieval.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}