{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205119820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434","title":"A Novel Approach to Validate Satellite Snowfall Retrievals by Ground-Based Point Measurements","display_name":"A Novel Approach to Validate Satellite Snowfall Retrievals by Ground-Based Point Measurements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205119820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14030434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/434/pdf?version=1642553887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/434/pdf?version=1642553887","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086253920","display_name":"Hwayoung Jeoung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwayoung Jeoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025676139","display_name":"Shangyong Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangyong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101778179","display_name":"Guosheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-6125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101778179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56849315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"434","last_page":"434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8745912313461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7210015654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6858228445053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6053659915924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lapse-rate","display_name":"Lapse rate","score":0.5839804410934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5700637102127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5527844429016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-cell","display_name":"Grid cell","score":0.48792406916618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4412062466144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4260062873363495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4157297611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20166286826133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.1549150049686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10799470543861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09232902526855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07271778583526611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8745912313461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7210015654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6858228445053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6053659915924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186816422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66900467","display_name":"Lapse rate","level":2,"score":0.5839804410934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5700637102127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5527844429016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983008078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863495","display_name":"Grid cell","level":3,"score":0.48792406916618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4412062466144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4260062873363495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4157297611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20166286826133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.1549150049686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10799470543861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09232902526855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07271778583526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14030434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/434/pdf?version=1642553887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:diginole.lib.fsu.edu:fsu_1037173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401638","display_name":"DigiNole (Florida State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","host_organization_name":"Florida State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75c4bad47aa94b3ba636f64fff074d10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75c4bad47aa94b3ba636f64fff074d10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 434 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/3/434/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 434","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14030434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/434/pdf?version=1642553887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G333248197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0718 and NNX17AG73G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5690414346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6493470410","display_name":"A FIELD EXPERIMENT TO STUDY CONVECTIVE PROCESSES (CPEX) IN THE TROPICS IS PLANNED FOR JUNE   JULY 2017 IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN  BASED AT SAINT CROIX  U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. NASA WILL PROVIDE THE DC-8 AIRCRAFT  A COHERENT DOPPLER WIND LIDAR (DAWN)  A DOPPLER PRECIPITATION RADAR  AND DROPSONDES  TO MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES AROUND CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS. THESE DATA WILL LEAD TO OUR IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING ON THE INITIATION  ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS. WE PROPOSE TO CONDUCT DATA SYNERGY OF THE AIRCRAFT OBSERVED DATA WITH MULTIPLE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS TO MAXIMIZE THE SCIENTIFIC IMPACT OF THE AIRBORNE WIND LIDAR DATA. WHILE THE AIRBORNE WIND LIDAR AND PRECIPITATION RADAR MEASURE WIND AND HYDROMETEOR VERTICAL PROFILES ALONG FLIGHT LEGS  THE SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS PROVIDE COMPLEMENTARY DATA OF ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES  SUCH AS SURFACE WIND  WATER VAPOR  AEROSOL  CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION  WITH A BROADER AREAL COVERAGE AND AT TIMES WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS NOT FLYING. IN ADDITION  THE BROADER AREA AND LONGER TIME COVERAGE OF SATELLITE DATA HELP PUT THE AIRCRAFT-COLLECTED DATA UNDER THE CONTEXT OF THE LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. DATA FROM A SUITE OF SATELLITES (E.G.  AQUA  TERRA  CLOUDSAT  CALIPSO  GPM  CYGNSS  SNPP  DMSP  METOP-A/B  OCEANSAT-2  ETC.) WILL BE AVAILABLE DURING THE CPEX FIELD EXPERIMENT TO PROVIDE RETRIEVALS OF ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE AND AEROSOL  CLOUD AND RAIN  AND SURFACE WIND. IT IS PARTICULARLY WORTH MENTIONING THAT THE PLANNED CYGNSS MISSION WILL PROVIDE ALL-WEATHER SURFACE WIND SPEED AT ABOUT 4-HOUR TIME INTERVAL; COMBINING ITS DATA WITH WIND LIDAR PROVIDES A COMPLETE WIND PROFILE FROM SURFACE TO AIRCRAFT FLIGHT LEVEL. THESE SATELLITE DATA WILL BE FIRST ASSEMBLED TO BE COINCIDENT IN TIME WITH THE AIRBORNE WIND LIDAR OBSERVATIONS BUT WITH A GREATER AREAL COVERAGE TO PROVIDE THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT OF THE AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS. SATELLITE DATA BETWEEN AIRCRAFT FLIGHTS WILL ALSO BE REGULARLY ASSEMBLED SO THAT THE STORM S EVOLUTION DURING ITS LIFE CYCLE WILL BE MONITORED EVEN WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS NOT FLYING. THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE SATELLITES/AIRCRAFT DATA SYNERGY IS TO PROVIDE VALUE-ADDED DATASET TO THE SCIENCE TEAM  SO THAT THE WHOLE TEAM WILL BENEFIT FROM COINCIDENT SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS IN AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING AREAS: 1. DETERMINE THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT UNDER WHICH THE TARGETED CONVECTIVE SYSTEM IS DEVELOPING. SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS PROVIDE DATA OVER A BROAD AREA EVERY SEVERAL HOURS  WHICH WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY AT WHAT DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF THE STORM AND UNDER WHAT AEROSOL/ATMOSPHERIC/CLOUD CONDITION THE AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS ARE CARRIED OUT. 2. FILL IN DATA GAPS SPATIALLY AND TEMPORALLY. CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS ARE OFTEN SPATIALLY BROAD  SOMETIMES UP TO SEVERAL THOUSANDS OF KM; BUT AIRCRAFT FLIGHTS CAN ONLY TARGET LIMITED AREAS OF THE SYSTEMS. THEREFORE  THERE IS A NEED TO KNOW WHAT IS HAPPENING WHEN AND WHERE AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT AVAILABLE. 3. UNDERSTAND THE RELATION BETWEEN THE WIND FIELD (CONVERGENCE AND SHEAR) AND MICROPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE STORMS. BY SUPPLEMENTING SATELLITE DATA OVER THE ENTIRE STORM  WE WILL BE ABLE TO STUDY THE RELATION BETWEEN THE WIND FIELD AND THE MICROPHYSICAL ASPECT OF THE STORM DEVELOPMENT. 4. RELATE LARGE-SCALE AEROSOL/DUST TRANSPORT TO STORM DEVELOPMENT. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT DUSTS CARRIED BY SAHARA AIR LAYER PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN IMPACTING TROPICAL STORMS  DEVELOPMENT. USING THE SATELLITE MEASURED DUST DISTRIBUTION AND WIND FIELD IN THE SYNERGIZED DATASET  THE POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN DUST TRANSPORT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CONVECTIONS WILL BE STUDIED.","funder_award_id":"NNX17AG73G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534397071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6986074067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cloud","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205119820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205119820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522265489","https://openalex.org/W1535027274","https://openalex.org/W1613795631","https://openalex.org/W1826615873","https://openalex.org/W1871967850","https://openalex.org/W1979060409","https://openalex.org/W1982392366","https://openalex.org/W1986397813","https://openalex.org/W1988801057","https://openalex.org/W1989839776","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2008935988","https://openalex.org/W2015414779","https://openalex.org/W2026128738","https://openalex.org/W2029604816","https://openalex.org/W2033861240","https://openalex.org/W2048329679","https://openalex.org/W2050700427","https://openalex.org/W2053310237","https://openalex.org/W2060608677","https://openalex.org/W2068753710","https://openalex.org/W2085585287","https://openalex.org/W2112166159","https://openalex.org/W2137177269","https://openalex.org/W2142416245","https://openalex.org/W2148217541","https://openalex.org/W2152012447","https://openalex.org/W2154153816","https://openalex.org/W2263420555","https://openalex.org/W2345663800","https://openalex.org/W2348385068","https://openalex.org/W2475983985","https://openalex.org/W2512425440","https://openalex.org/W2539750240","https://openalex.org/W2672495453","https://openalex.org/W2788693942","https://openalex.org/W2807924770","https://openalex.org/W2888343344","https://openalex.org/W2891748692","https://openalex.org/W2962067348","https://openalex.org/W2966176810","https://openalex.org/W2968914048","https://openalex.org/W2981763248","https://openalex.org/W2995957324","https://openalex.org/W3005157076","https://openalex.org/W3015208078","https://openalex.org/W3015853878","https://openalex.org/W3015953892","https://openalex.org/W3016383422","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3080367007","https://openalex.org/W3132314044","https://openalex.org/W3144948810","https://openalex.org/W3196678167","https://openalex.org/W3201101953","https://openalex.org/W3208287698","https://openalex.org/W6801605867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867191789","https://openalex.org/W2788625451","https://openalex.org/W2394429947","https://openalex.org/W3191883691","https://openalex.org/W1869991455","https://openalex.org/W2171629540","https://openalex.org/W4246740161","https://openalex.org/W2126084414","https://openalex.org/W843171945","https://openalex.org/W2909855017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"method":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"proposed":[5],"for":[6],"validating":[7],"satellite":[8,191,218],"radar":[9],"snowfall":[10,26,50,62,85,98,127,138,171,183,206],"retrievals":[11,131],"using":[12,104,187],"surface":[13,75],"station":[14,30,37,109],"observations":[15,76],"over":[16,144],"the":[17,24,68,81,96,101,119,123,134,146,150,177,182,198,205],"western":[18,151],"United":[19,152],"States":[20,153],"mountainous":[21,154],"region,":[22],"where":[23],"mean":[25,84,97,114,126],"rate":[27,51,63,99],"at":[28,106],"a":[29,40,49,112],"depends":[31,169],"on":[32,165,170],"its":[33],"elevation.":[34],"First,":[35],"all":[36,116,145],"data":[38,105],"within":[39,67],"1\u00b0":[41,43,69,71],"\u00d7":[42,70],"grid":[44,102,125],"are":[45,87,210],"used":[46,59],"to":[47,60,95,161,184,207],"develop":[48],"versus":[52],"elevation":[53,166,203,225],"relation.":[54],"This":[55],"relation":[56],"is":[57,195],"then":[58,88],"compute":[61],"in":[64,80,118,149],"other":[65],"locations":[66],"grid,":[72],"as":[73],"if":[74],"were":[77],"available":[78],"everywhere":[79],"grid.":[82,120],"Grid":[83],"rates":[86,128,199],"derived,":[89],"which":[90],"should":[91],"be":[92],"more":[93],"representative":[94],"of":[100,115,122,176,200,204,234],"than":[103],"any":[107],"one":[108],"or":[110,227],"from":[111,215],"simple":[113],"stations":[117],"Comparison":[121],"so-derived":[124],"with":[129,202],"CloudSat":[130,135],"shows":[132],"that":[133,197],"product":[136],"underestimates":[137],"by":[139],"about":[140,221],"65%":[141],"when":[142,213],"averaged":[143],"768":[147],"grids":[148],"regions.":[155],"The":[156],"bias":[157],"does":[158],"not":[159],"seem":[160],"have":[162],"clear":[163],"dependency":[164],"but":[167],"strongly":[168],"rate.":[172],"As":[173],"an":[174],"application":[175],"method,":[178],"we":[179],"further":[180],"estimated":[181],"precipitation":[185,208],"ratio":[186,209],"both":[188],"ground":[189,216],"and":[190,217],"measured":[192],"data.":[193],"It":[194],"found":[196],"increase":[201],"quite":[211],"similar":[212],"calculating":[214],"data,":[219],"being":[220],"25%":[222],"per":[223,230],"kilometer":[224],"up":[226],"approximately":[228],"4%":[229],"every":[231],"degree":[232],"Cuisses":[233],"temperature":[235],"drop.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}
