{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206764780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352","title":"Preliminary Analysis and Evaluation of BDS-3 RDSS Timing Performance","display_name":"Preliminary Analysis and Evaluation of BDS-3 RDSS Timing Performance","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206764780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/352/pdf?version=1642060154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/352/pdf?version=1642060154","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799598","display_name":"Rui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107210165","display_name":"Dongxia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109461638","display_name":"Nan Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425930","display_name":"Zhijun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864882","display_name":"Tianqiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-3865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102802460","display_name":"Hui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-3811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064511072","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101799598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6374,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8165376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"352","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6765100955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5832376480102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5829374194145203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5422440767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4843979477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.472948282957077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4413068890571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37477123737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12886366248130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06933644413948059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6765100955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5832376480102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5829374194145203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5422440767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4843979477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.472948282957077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4413068890571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37477123737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12886366248130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06933644413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/352/pdf?version=1642060154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbc1bb2245894120ab307bcaa34fc8e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbc1bb2245894120ab307bcaa34fc8e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 352 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/2/352/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020352","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/352/pdf?version=1642060154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6157974885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61603397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6443804066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41874043, 61603397, 41704037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G797437480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41704037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8520170315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41874043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206764780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206764780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001961926","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2369080714","https://openalex.org/W2380849441","https://openalex.org/W2411181256","https://openalex.org/W2856203748","https://openalex.org/W2993181237","https://openalex.org/W2998537682","https://openalex.org/W7015634421","https://openalex.org/W7070247307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W2071552392","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W4396749081","https://openalex.org/W4392115504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"determination":[1],"satellite":[2,14,238],"service":[3,68],"(RDSS)":[4],"is":[5,30,71,100,145,166,190,194,213,217],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,42,75,86,112,122,135,139,160,186,209,225,236],"the":[8,40,46,84,87,94,110,119,137,150,158,179,184,200,207,226,233,240,252],"characteristic":[9],"services":[10,41],"Beidou":[12],"navigation":[13],"system":[15],"(BDS),":[16],"and":[17,53,66,91,98,114,117,127,142,147,163,171,199,202,223,228],"also":[18,49],"distinguishes":[19],"with":[20,32],"other":[21],"GNSS":[22],"systems.":[23],"BDS-3":[24,131],"RDSS":[25,34,67,76,105,123,132],"adopts":[26],"new":[27,47],"signals,":[28],"which":[29,56,78,175,193,216],"compatible":[31],"BDS-2":[33],"signals":[35,48,52,55],"in":[36,83],"order":[37],"to":[38,62],"guarantee":[39,103],"old":[43],"users.":[44],"Moreover,":[45],"separate":[50],"civil":[51],"military":[54],"are":[57,176,204,230],"modulated":[58],"on":[59,130,251],"different":[60],"carriers":[61],"improve":[63],"their":[64],"isolation":[65],"performance.":[69],"Timing":[70],"an":[72,101],"important":[73,102],"part":[74],"service,":[77],"has":[79,243,248],"been":[80],"widely":[81],"used":[82],"field":[85],"power,":[88],"transportation,":[89],"marine":[90],"others.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"timing":[95,124,141,144,162,165,188,211,242],"accuracy,":[96,125],"availability":[97,126,201,227],"continuity":[99,203,229],"for":[104,149],"service.":[106],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"summarizes":[109],"principle":[111],"one-way":[113,140,161,187,221,241],"two-way":[115,143,164,210,253],"timing,":[116,222],"provides":[118],"evaluation":[120],"method":[121],"continuity.":[128],"Based":[129],"signal":[133],"measurements":[134],"system,":[136],"performance":[138],"analyzed":[146],"evaluated":[148],"first":[151],"time.":[152],"The":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"that:":[156],"(1)":[157],"accuracy":[159,189,212],"better":[167,177],"than":[168,178,197,220],"30":[169],"ns":[170,173],"8":[172],"respectively,":[174],"official":[180],"claimed":[181],"accuracy;":[182],"(2)":[183],"RMS":[185,208],"5.45":[191],"ns,":[192,215],"20%":[195],"smaller":[196,219],"BDS-2,":[198],"100%;":[205,231],"(3)":[206],"3.59":[214],"34%":[218],"both":[224],"(4)":[232],"orbit":[234],"maneuver":[235],"GEO":[237],"make":[239],"7.68":[244],"h":[245],"recovery,":[246],"but":[247],"no":[249],"affection":[250],"timing.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}