{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206832755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271","title":"Estimation of Individual Tree Biomass in Natural Secondary Forests Based on ALS Data and WorldView-3 Imagery","display_name":"Estimation of Individual Tree Biomass in Natural Secondary Forests Based on ALS Data and WorldView-3 Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206832755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/271/pdf?version=1641793264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/271/pdf?version=1641793264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067796357","display_name":"Yinghui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1933-8357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1933-8357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692187","display_name":"Ye Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-6967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853467","display_name":"Lindi J. Quackenbush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-3126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157349981","display_name":"SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/00qv0tw17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157349981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112962","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/022jz8688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112962"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindi J. Quackenbush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-3126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157349981","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I4210112962"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070956450","display_name":"Zhen Zhen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-4260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070956450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7702,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90074565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"271","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diameter-at-breast-height","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","score":0.7150648236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6855316162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.49898457527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.44180142879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.4401228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4077273905277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35634124279022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34743785858154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29605984687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2627086639404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23223772644996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23108017444610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1196323037147522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58330081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973582","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","level":2,"score":0.7150648236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6855316162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.49898457527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.44180142879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4401228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4077273905277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35634124279022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34743785858154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29605984687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2627086639404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23223772644996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23108017444610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1196323037147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/271/pdf?version=1641793264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60cfa385a0314f819a7f1961452690fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60cfa385a0314f819a7f1961452690fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 271 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/2/271/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 2; Pages: 271","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14020271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/271/pdf?version=1641793264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1541370046","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6e90\u9065\u611f\u53ca\u5c42\u6b21\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u65f6\u7a7a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u68ee\u6797\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"31870530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238277133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2572019CP15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321620","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206832755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206832755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W323995901","https://openalex.org/W1460196170","https://openalex.org/W1496825334","https://openalex.org/W1967621805","https://openalex.org/W1981855554","https://openalex.org/W1989401377","https://openalex.org/W1990503995","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W1991956781","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W1998779060","https://openalex.org/W2004363051","https://openalex.org/W2010688372","https://openalex.org/W2019226206","https://openalex.org/W2025234276","https://openalex.org/W2029449972","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2050252739","https://openalex.org/W2052283770","https://openalex.org/W2053481940","https://openalex.org/W2054503844","https://openalex.org/W2059217921","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2076298349","https://openalex.org/W2087674734","https://openalex.org/W2088553126","https://openalex.org/W2090166704","https://openalex.org/W2093850394","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2098332769","https://openalex.org/W2113249705","https://openalex.org/W2123338991","https://openalex.org/W2127354426","https://openalex.org/W2129186929","https://openalex.org/W2133613984","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2147475079","https://openalex.org/W2148719805","https://openalex.org/W2150986124","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2166394891","https://openalex.org/W2167691377","https://openalex.org/W2181716224","https://openalex.org/W2193261635","https://openalex.org/W2266591399","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2317061597","https://openalex.org/W2317191508","https://openalex.org/W2342299051","https://openalex.org/W2356542686","https://openalex.org/W2416310637","https://openalex.org/W2428724917","https://openalex.org/W2499345884","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2538282875","https://openalex.org/W2566759027","https://openalex.org/W2626736357","https://openalex.org/W2755608923","https://openalex.org/W2765343078","https://openalex.org/W2765686626","https://openalex.org/W2769616159","https://openalex.org/W2810237059","https://openalex.org/W2891711602","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2932063432","https://openalex.org/W2955384860","https://openalex.org/W2958629627","https://openalex.org/W3000415744","https://openalex.org/W3088522164","https://openalex.org/W3158891123","https://openalex.org/W3196466396","https://openalex.org/W3197961809","https://openalex.org/W3201899496","https://openalex.org/W6645714515","https://openalex.org/W6686379823","https://openalex.org/W6752956743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W2969924630","https://openalex.org/W4321327836","https://openalex.org/W2574195027","https://openalex.org/W2952873578","https://openalex.org/W2538860715","https://openalex.org/W4253290283","https://openalex.org/W2031549626","https://openalex.org/W2184308545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individual-tree":[0],"aboveground":[1],"biomass":[2,93],"(AGB)":[3],"estimation":[4],"can":[5],"highlight":[6],"the":[7,42,67,104,168,175],"spatial":[8],"distribution":[9],"of":[10,32,44,106,137,197],"AGB":[11,22,84,140,163,170,196],"and":[12,48,63,80,97,108,121,150,167,192,203],"is":[13,23],"vital":[14],"for":[15,26,85],"precision":[16],"forestry.":[17],"Accurately":[18],"estimating":[19],"individual":[20,82,138,161,194],"tree":[21,54,76,83,95,118,132,139,162,190,195],"a":[24,86,186],"requisite":[25],"accurate":[27],"forest":[28,169],"carbon":[29],"stock":[30],"assessment":[31],"natural":[33],"secondary":[34],"forests":[35],"(NSFs).":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"we":[40],"investigated":[41],"performance":[43],"three":[45,49],"machine":[46,126],"learning":[47,51,123,127],"ensemble":[50,122],"algorithms":[52,124,128],"in":[53,88,117,174,179],"species":[55,119,133,191],"classification":[56],"based":[57,199],"on":[58,200],"airborne":[59],"laser":[60],"scanning":[61],"(ALS)":[62],"WorldView-3":[64,109,204],"imagery,":[65],"inversed":[66,98],"diameter":[68],"at":[69],"breast":[70],"height":[71,77],"(DBH)":[72],"using":[73,91],"an":[74],"optimal":[75],"curve":[78],"model,":[79],"mapped":[81],"site":[87,178],"northeast":[89],"China":[90],"additive":[92],"equations,":[94],"species,":[96],"DBH.":[99],"The":[100,159],"results":[101],"showed":[102],"that":[103],"combination":[105],"ALS":[107,201],"performed":[110],"better":[111],"than":[112],"either":[113],"single":[114],"data":[115,202],"source":[116],"classification,":[120],"outperformed":[125],"(except":[129],"CNN).":[130],"Seven":[131],"had":[134],"satisfactory":[135],"accuracy":[136],"estimation,":[141],"with":[142],"R2":[143],"values":[144],"ranging":[145,152],"from":[146,153],"0.68":[147],"to":[148,156,188],"0.85":[149],"RMSE":[151],"7.47":[154],"kg":[155,166],"36.83":[157],"kg.":[158],"average":[160],"was":[164,171],"125.32":[165],"113.58":[172],"Mg/ha":[173],"Maoershan":[176],"study":[177,184],"Heilongjiang":[180],"Province,":[181],"China.":[182],"This":[183],"provides":[185],"way":[187],"classify":[189],"estimate":[193],"NSFs":[198],"imagery.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}
