{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206584785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232","title":"Vegetation Mapping in the Permafrost Region: A Case Study on the Central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","display_name":"Vegetation Mapping in the Permafrost Region: A Case Study on the Central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206584785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/232/pdf?version=1641446592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/232/pdf?version=1641446592","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039783141","display_name":"Defu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-224X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Defu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-224X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110190620","display_name":"Lin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-8413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028842181","display_name":"Guangyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041975643","display_name":"Erji Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-2051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erji Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-2051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049061043","display_name":"Guojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351560","display_name":"Zhibin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-7419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028539966","display_name":"Tonghua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tonghua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-3570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065463000","display_name":"Xiaodong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756174","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-8587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2013Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110190620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2205,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75320736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"Permafrost","score":0.7682465314865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7332099676132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5501714944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5416669249534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-type","display_name":"Vegetation type","score":0.5224341750144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5083727240562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5045167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.48076245188713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4369073212146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steppe","display_name":"Steppe","score":0.43153178691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4220179319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.41619637608528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3692513108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.13991716504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13244888186454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.12720489501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08986994624137878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.7682465314865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7332099676132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5501714944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5416669249534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778898053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18648871","display_name":"Vegetation type","level":3,"score":0.5224341750144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5083727240562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5045167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48076245188713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4369073212146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105895522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123991","display_name":"Steppe","level":2,"score":0.43153178691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4220179319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.41619637608528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3692513108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.13991716504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13244888186454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.12720489501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08986994624137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/232/pdf?version=1641446592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad14b07833224df28686c0ab30a3cf6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad14b07833224df28686c0ab30a3cf6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 232 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/1/232/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 232","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/232/pdf?version=1641446592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604312513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41931180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622387407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2163030714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019QZKK0201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3530565781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41690142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3672937388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41690142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5470347426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019QZKK0201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7218111000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8006564094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328015","display_name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206584785.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206584785.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1429438452","https://openalex.org/W1560861788","https://openalex.org/W1775995716","https://openalex.org/W1928065705","https://openalex.org/W1964219559","https://openalex.org/W1988598260","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W1999952670","https://openalex.org/W2004313850","https://openalex.org/W2005156666","https://openalex.org/W2018023383","https://openalex.org/W2022034585","https://openalex.org/W2045002121","https://openalex.org/W2045545316","https://openalex.org/W2066416082","https://openalex.org/W2068190762","https://openalex.org/W2099536556","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2136604338","https://openalex.org/W2141815566","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2285795728","https://openalex.org/W2355798279","https://openalex.org/W2360902974","https://openalex.org/W2414904098","https://openalex.org/W2525043353","https://openalex.org/W2534439660","https://openalex.org/W2620957539","https://openalex.org/W2754618888","https://openalex.org/W2782116042","https://openalex.org/W2800163541","https://openalex.org/W2806917855","https://openalex.org/W2889410494","https://openalex.org/W2903246098","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2965576124","https://openalex.org/W2973023033","https://openalex.org/W2974882866","https://openalex.org/W2988720398","https://openalex.org/W2995379068","https://openalex.org/W3014958757","https://openalex.org/W3015642665","https://openalex.org/W3036119463","https://openalex.org/W3080573970","https://openalex.org/W3097472743","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6782086036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1824336683","https://openalex.org/W1982366144","https://openalex.org/W2900526884","https://openalex.org/W2949251571","https://openalex.org/W2389671153","https://openalex.org/W4385651302","https://openalex.org/W4206346315","https://openalex.org/W4303709837","https://openalex.org/W2182996245","https://openalex.org/W2260556438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"accurate":[1,280],"and":[2,115,145,157,167,179,190,204,211,228,235,243,247,269,281],"detailed":[3,282],"vegetation":[4,56,73,97,185,219,224,261,283],"map":[5,70,95,186],"is":[6,266],"of":[7,15,25,29,47,54,61,71,79,107,126,148,160,182,233,251,274,289],"crucial":[8],"significance":[9],"for":[10,143,197,218,286],"understanding":[11],"the":[12,22,44,48,52,62,72,83,96,112,127,134,138,153,161,176,183,198,244,248,252,263,287,290],"spatial":[13,45,77],"heterogeneity":[14],"subsurfaces,":[16],"which":[17,292],"can":[18,277,293],"help":[19,294],"to":[20,42,94,132,295],"characterize":[21],"thermal":[23,116,253],"state":[24],"permafrost.":[26],"The":[27,86,171,194,214,230,259,272],"absence":[28],"an":[30,37,279],"alpine":[31,200,202,205,267,270],"swamp":[32],"meadow":[33],"(ASM)":[34],"type,":[35],"or":[36],"insufficient":[38],"resolution":[39,78],"(usually":[40],"km-level)":[41],"capture":[43],"distribution":[46,288],"ASM,":[49,199,291],"greatly":[50],"limits":[51],"availability":[53],"existing":[55],"maps":[57],"in":[58,262],"permafrost":[59,298],"modeling":[60],"Qinghai-Tibet":[63],"Plateau":[64],"(QTP).":[65],"This":[66],"study":[67,264,276],"generated":[68],"a":[69,76,105,121,146,240],"type":[74,220],"at":[75],"30":[80],"m":[81],"on":[82,99],"central":[84],"QTP.":[85],"random":[87],"forest":[88],"(RF)":[89],"classification":[90],"approach":[91,163],"was":[92],"employed":[93],"based":[98],"319":[100],"ground-truth":[101],"samples,":[102],"combined":[103],"with":[104],"set":[106],"input":[108],"variables":[109,217],"derived":[110],"from":[111],"visible,":[113],"infrared,":[114],"Landsat-8":[117],"images.":[118],"Validation":[119],"using":[120],"train-test":[122],"split":[123],"(i.e.,":[124],"70%":[125],"samples":[128],"were":[129,141,164,207,222],"randomly":[130],"selected":[131],"train":[133],"RF":[135,162],"model,":[136],"while":[137],"remaining":[139],"30%":[140],"used":[142],"validation":[144],"total":[147],"1000":[149],"runs)":[150],"showed":[151,174,239,256],"that":[152,175],"average":[154],"overall":[155,177],"accuracy":[156,178],"Kappa":[158,180],"coefficient":[159,181],"0.78":[165],"(0.68\u20130.85)":[166],"0.69":[168],"(0.64\u20130.74),":[169],"respectively.":[170,193,213],"confusion":[172],"matrix":[173],"predicted":[184],"reached":[187],"0.848":[188],"(0.844\u20130.852)":[189],"0.790":[191],"(0.785\u20130.796),":[192],"user":[195],"accuracies":[196],"meadow,":[201],"steppe,":[203],"desert":[206],"95.0%,":[208],"83.3%,":[209],"82.4%,":[210],"86.7%,":[212],"most":[215],"important":[216],"prediction":[221],"two":[223],"indices,":[225],"i.e.,":[226],"NDVI":[227],"EVI.":[229],"surface":[231,249],"reflectance":[232],"visible":[234],"shortwave":[236],"infrared":[237,254],"bands":[238,255],"secondary":[241],"contribution,":[242],"brightness":[245],"temperature":[246,250],"little":[257],"contribution.":[258],"dominant":[260],"area":[265],"steppe":[268],"desert.":[271],"results":[273],"this":[275],"provide":[278],"map,":[284],"especially":[285],"improve":[296],"further":[297],"studies.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}