{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206609058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159","title":"Integrating SAR and Optical Remote Sensing for Conservation-Targeted Wetlands Mapping","display_name":"Integrating SAR and Optical Remote Sensing for Conservation-Targeted Wetlands Mapping","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206609058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/159/pdf?version=1640939342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/159/pdf?version=1640939342","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017845004","display_name":"Hossein Sahour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2975-516X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Sahour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049716574","display_name":"Kaylan M. Kemink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-0690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107169","display_name":"Ducks Unlimited","ror":"https://ror.org/01kdv5654","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107169"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaylan M. Kemink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ducks Unlimited Inc., Bismarck, ND 58503, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ducks Unlimited Inc., Bismarck, ND 58503, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042016521","display_name":"Jessica L. O\u2019Connell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica O\u2019Connell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017845004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.6978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90175209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"159","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetland","display_name":"Wetland","score":0.825615406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7193901538848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterfowl","display_name":"Waterfowl","score":0.6067615151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5542916655540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5524512529373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.5111401677131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4957038164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.49265605211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.44976502656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2801520824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2712324857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.23087641596794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20861771702766418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.825615406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7193901538848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21651","display_name":"Waterfowl","level":3,"score":0.6067615151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5542916655540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5524512529373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5111401677131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4957038164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.49265605211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.44976502656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2801520824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2712324857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.23087641596794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20861771702766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/159/pdf?version=1640939342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29d940f6713f47bdbe100a392e2407e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29d940f6713f47bdbe100a392e2407e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 159 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/1/159/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 159","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/159/pdf?version=1640939342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206609058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206609058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560102812","https://openalex.org/W1758254481","https://openalex.org/W1927159739","https://openalex.org/W1968210987","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1980777339","https://openalex.org/W1989428365","https://openalex.org/W2001007226","https://openalex.org/W2054556431","https://openalex.org/W2081153373","https://openalex.org/W2088194257","https://openalex.org/W2119698584","https://openalex.org/W2131137662","https://openalex.org/W2132074553","https://openalex.org/W2134463914","https://openalex.org/W2144199066","https://openalex.org/W2145087958","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2149615411","https://openalex.org/W2150400486","https://openalex.org/W2179756444","https://openalex.org/W2460084616","https://openalex.org/W2460132139","https://openalex.org/W2491477437","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2592351922","https://openalex.org/W2592532736","https://openalex.org/W2604409186","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2742452911","https://openalex.org/W2753706553","https://openalex.org/W2780335871","https://openalex.org/W2792369728","https://openalex.org/W2793986198","https://openalex.org/W2803972022","https://openalex.org/W2887091102","https://openalex.org/W2890225206","https://openalex.org/W2901940904","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2936888209","https://openalex.org/W2938610884","https://openalex.org/W2961595614","https://openalex.org/W2996683401","https://openalex.org/W3006773752","https://openalex.org/W3014154233","https://openalex.org/W3015950295","https://openalex.org/W3017247426","https://openalex.org/W3032562092","https://openalex.org/W3042612344","https://openalex.org/W3081306518","https://openalex.org/W3085352977","https://openalex.org/W3095679046","https://openalex.org/W3157775668","https://openalex.org/W3186934934","https://openalex.org/W6633577469","https://openalex.org/W6771665869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W565499830","https://openalex.org/W2990551827","https://openalex.org/W2138466938","https://openalex.org/W1993335586","https://openalex.org/W2504275365","https://openalex.org/W4230571391","https://openalex.org/W4396689146","https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W2004826645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132,188,207,270],"Prairie":[1],"Pothole":[2],"Region":[3],"(PPR)":[4],"contains":[5],"numerous":[6],"depressional":[7],"wetlands":[8,23,73,105,208,284],"known":[9],"as":[10],"potholes":[11],"that":[12],"provide":[13,236],"habitats":[14],"for":[15,26,67,282],"waterfowl":[16,29],"and":[17,31,49,98,129,140,143,153,173,185,199,222,227,278],"other":[18,286],"wetland-dependent":[19],"species.":[20],"Mapping":[21],"these":[22],"is":[24,37,276],"essential":[25],"identifying":[27,283],"viable":[28],"habitat":[30],"conservation":[32],"planning":[33],"scenarios,":[34],"yet":[35],"it":[36],"a":[38,237],"challenging":[39],"task":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,103,178,193,217],"the":[43,47,50,62,69,75,107,114,119,138,166,180,200,211,224,241,243,250,265,274,289],"small":[44,171,174],"size":[45],"of":[46,52,72,77,113,240,252,288],"potholes,":[48,242],"presence":[51,251],"emergent":[53,253],"vegetation.":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56,108,275],"develops":[57],"an":[58],"open-source":[59],"process":[60],"within":[61],"Google":[63],"Earth":[64],"Engine":[65],"platform":[66],"mapping":[68],"spatial":[70,184],"distribution":[71],"through":[74,110,126],"integration":[76],"Sentinel-1":[78],"C-band":[79],"SAR":[80],"(synthetic":[81],"aperture":[82],"radar)":[83],"data":[84,124],"with":[85,121],"high-resolution":[86],"(10-m)":[87],"Sentinel-2":[88],"bands.":[89],"We":[90,117],"used":[91,159],"two":[92],"machine-learning":[93],"algorithms":[94,120],"(random":[95],"forest":[96],"(RF)":[97],"support":[99],"vector":[100],"machine":[101],"(SVM))":[102],"identify":[104],"across":[106],"area":[109],"supervised":[111],"classification":[112],"multisensor":[115],"composite.":[116],"trained":[118],"ground":[122],"truth":[123],"provided":[125],"field":[127],"studies":[128],"aerial":[130],"photography.":[131],"accuracy":[133,215],"was":[134],"assessed":[135],"by":[136],"comparing":[137],"predicted":[139],"actual":[141],"wetland":[142],"non-wetland":[144],"classes":[145],"using":[146,255,264],"statistical":[147],"coefficients":[148],"(overall":[149,214],"accuracy,":[150],"Kappa,":[151],"sensitivity,":[152],"specificity).":[154],"For":[155],"this":[156],"purpose,":[157],"we":[158],"four":[160,232],"different":[161,183],"out-of-sample":[162],"test":[163,176],"subsets,":[164],"including":[165],"same":[167],"year,":[168,170],"next":[169],"vegetated,":[172],"non-vegetated":[175],"sets":[177],"evaluate":[179],"methods":[181],"on":[182,249],"temporal":[186],"scales.":[187],"results":[189],"were":[190,246],"also":[191],"compared":[192],"Landsat-derived":[194],"JRC":[195,228,266],"surface":[196,267],"water":[197,204,244,262,268],"products,":[198],"Sentinel-2-derived":[201,256],"normalized":[202],"difference":[203],"index":[205],"(NDWI).":[206],"derived":[209],"from":[210],"RF":[212],"model":[213],"0.76":[216],"0.95)":[218],"yielded":[219],"favorable":[220],"results,":[221],"outperformed":[223],"SVM,":[225],"NDWI,":[226],"products":[229],"in":[230,273,285],"all":[231],"testing":[233],"subsets.":[234],"To":[235],"further":[238],"characterization":[239],"bodies":[245],"stratified":[247],"based":[248],"vegetation":[254],"NDVI,":[257],"and,":[258],"after":[259],"excluding":[260],"permanent":[261],"bodies,":[263],"product.":[269],"algorithm":[271],"presented":[272],"scalable":[277],"can":[279],"be":[280],"adopted":[281],"regions":[287],"world.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}