{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200495849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143","title":"Semi-Supervised SAR Target Detection Based on an Improved Faster R-CNN","display_name":"Semi-Supervised SAR Target Detection Based on an Improved Faster R-CNN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200495849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/143/pdf?version=1640848374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/143/pdf?version=1640848374","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049093143","display_name":"Leiyao Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-0062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leiyao Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716826","display_name":"Lan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640370","display_name":"Yuchen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-7231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100716826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":73.1797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99874254,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"143","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8486285209655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.754665732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6779574155807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5524625778198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.546254575252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.49814820289611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48822930455207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3393348455429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07700639963150024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8486285209655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.754665732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6779574155807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5524625778198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.546254575252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.49814820289611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48822930455207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3393348455429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07700639963150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/143/pdf?version=1640848374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c8faeead8fd041d48f9f2cd443c03119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c8faeead8fd041d48f9f2cd443c03119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 143 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/1/143/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 143","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs14010143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/143/pdf?version=1640848374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474490597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111 Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4987181584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6470031706","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u96f7\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7884590356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200495849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200495849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2079057609","https://openalex.org/W2159291411","https://openalex.org/W2167220279","https://openalex.org/W2176806231","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2343118941","https://openalex.org/W2412558220","https://openalex.org/W2523772278","https://openalex.org/W2597000936","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2783573226","https://openalex.org/W2786808285","https://openalex.org/W2790226428","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2911799303","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2964115968","https://openalex.org/W3035175896","https://openalex.org/W3123291413","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3174299795","https://openalex.org/W3177657646","https://openalex.org/W3210839290","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6758937676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W1974101135","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W2017509870","https://openalex.org/W2542937328","https://openalex.org/W4251141768","https://openalex.org/W4360952157","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60,89,104],"the":[1,7,47,91,99,120,125,129,138,146,152,157,160,169,173,183,187,192,200,207,211,221,225,231,237],"remote":[2,164],"sensing":[3,165],"image":[4,234],"processing":[5],"field,":[6],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"target-detection":[12],"methods":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,25,52,230],"convolutional":[16],"neural":[17],"networks":[18],"(CNNs)":[19],"have":[20],"gained":[21],"remarkable":[22],"performance":[23,135,223,250],"relying":[24],"large-scale":[26],"labeled":[27,36,100,162,253],"data.":[28,59],"However,":[29],"it":[30,56],"is":[31,41,94,141,197],"hard":[32],"to":[33,45,96,117,134,144,150,181,199,220],"obtain":[34],"many":[35],"SAR":[37,53,86,112,130,148,177,201,233,247,254],"images.":[38,167,255],"Semi-supervised":[39],"learning":[40],"an":[42,65],"effective":[43],"way":[44],"address":[46],"issue":[48],"of":[49,110,128,154,159,194,210,224],"limited":[50,252],"labels":[51],"images":[54,113,149,175,178,196,202,239],"because":[55],"uses":[57],"unlabeled":[58,102,111,147],"this":[61,105],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"improved":[66],"faster":[67],"regions":[68],"with":[69,74,156,251],"CNN":[70],"features":[71,127,155,171],"(R-CNN)":[72],"method,":[73],"a":[75,79,107],"decoding":[76,92],"module":[77,81,93,140],"and":[78,101,123,176,191,215,236],"domain-adaptation":[80,139],"called":[82],"FDDA,":[83,90],"for":[84,203],"semi-supervised":[85],"target":[87,204,248],"detection.":[88,205],"adopted":[95],"reconstruct":[97],"all":[98],"samples.":[103],"way,":[106],"large":[108],"number":[109],"can":[114],"be":[115],"utilized":[116],"help":[118],"structure":[119],"latent":[121],"space":[122],"learn":[124],"representative":[126],"images,":[131],"devoting":[132],"attention":[133],"promotion.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"further":[142],"introduced":[143],"utilize":[145],"promote":[151],"discriminability":[153],"assistance":[158],"abundantly":[161],"optical":[163],"(ORS)":[166],"Specifically,":[168],"transferable":[170],"between":[172],"ORS":[174,195,238],"are":[179],"learned":[180],"reduce":[182],"domain":[184,216],"discrepancy":[185],"via":[186],"mean":[188],"embedding":[189],"matching,":[190],"knowledge":[193],"transferred":[198],"Ultimately,":[206],"joint":[208],"optimization":[209],"detection":[212,249],"loss,":[213],"reconstruction,":[214],"adaptation":[217],"constraints":[218],"leads":[219],"promising":[222],"FDDA.":[226],"The":[227],"experimental":[228],"results":[229],"measured":[232],"datasets":[235],"dataset":[240],"indicate":[241],"that":[242],"our":[243],"method":[244],"achieves":[245],"superior":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
