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THESE MODELS ARE ESSENTIAL INPUTS TO EARTH SCIENCE RESEARCH AND BECAME OPERATIONAL IN 2015 WITHIN NOAAS CLIMATE DATA RECORD (CDR). WE PROPOSE THREE OVERARCHING IMPROVEMENTS OF THE MODELS: 1) INCORPORATING AN OPERATIONAL GOES-16 MG INDEX  THEREBY INCREASING RELIABILITY AND REPEATABILITY  2) INCREASING SPECTRAL RESOLUTION FROM 1 NM TO 0.1 MM  THEREBY FACILITATING IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC RADIATIVE TRANSFER ALGORITHMS AND 3) USING DERIVATIVES OF TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE OBSERVATIONS TO MODEL ACCOMPANYING SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CHANGES  THEREBY PROVIDING A POTENTIALLY SUPERIOR MODEL AND AN ALTERNATIVE CAPABILITY IN THE ADVENT OF MISSING PROXIES. 1) SOLAR IRRADIANCE VARIES IN RESPONSE TO TWO PRIMARY SOLAR FEATURES  BRIGHT FACULAE AND DARK SUNSPOTS AND MODELS OF IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY REQUIRE PROXIES OF BOTH. NOAAS SOLAR IRRADIANCE CDR MODELS INPUT THE BREMEN MG FACULAR INDEX AND A SUNSPOT DARKENING INDEX CALCULATED FROM OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR OBSERVING OPTICAL NETWORK (SOON). SOON IS A US AIR FORCE OPERATIONAL PROGRAM AND THE AVAILABILITY OF SUNSPOT DATA IS RELATIVELY MORE SECURE THAN THE MG INDEX  WHICH IS A RESEARCH PRODUCT. NOAAS GOES 16 SPACECRAFT  LAUNCHED IN NOVEMBER 2016  REMEDIES THIS WITH OPERATIONAL MONITORING OF THE MG INDEX. FOR THE DURATION OF THE SIST WE PROPOSE TO CROSS-CALIBRATE THE GOES-16 AND BREMEN MG INDICES  EVALUATE SOLAR IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS CALCULATED WITH BOTH INDICES  AND COMPARE BOTH MODELS WITH TOTAL AND SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SORCE AND TSIS SPACECRAFT. BY THE END OF THE THREE-YEAR SIST EFFORT WE EXPECT TO UTILIZE THE GOES-16 MG INDEX TO GENERATE THE NOAA SOLAR IRRADIANCE CDR  PLACING THIS CDR ON A FULLY OPERATIONAL FOUNDATION. 2) WHILE THE 1 NM SPECTRAL RESOLUTION OF EXTANT SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY MODELS IS ADEQUATE FOR SOME TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS  HIGHER RESOLUTION IS NECESSARY FOR FUNDAMENTAL LINE-BY-LINE RADIATIVE TRANSFER CALCULATIONS THAT UNDERLIE MULTIPLE PARAMETERIZATIONS IN THESE APPLICATIONS (INCLUDING IN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS). ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (AER) HAS INCORPORATED THE NRLSSI2 1-NM MODEL OF SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY (THE NOAA CDR) TO THEIR LBLRTM CODE. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP MODELS WITH 0.1 NM RESOLUTION AT ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS BY ANALYZING HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTRA MEASURED BY SORCE SOLSTICE AND OMI. THE HIGHER SPECTRAL RESOLUTION MODEL WILL BE AVAILABLE TO AER FOR USE IN FUTURE LINE-BY-LINE CODES AND TRANSITIONED OPERATIONALLY TO THE NOAA CDR  IN SUPPORT OF GSICS REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGHER SPECTRAL RESOLUTION REFERENCE SPECTRA. 3) THE LONG-TERM REPEATABILITY OF SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY MODELS DEPENDS ON THE STABILITY OF FACULAR AND SUNSPOT PROXIES. THE LONG-TERM REPEATABILITY OF TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE OBSERVATIONS MADE BY THE TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE MONITOR (TIM) MAY BE SUPERIOR TO THAT OF EITHER OF THESE PROXIES. THEREFORE  A MODEL OF SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY THAT INCORPORATES DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN LIEU OF ONE OR OTHER OF THE PROXIES MAY PROVE SUPERIOR TO CURRENT MODELS. WE PROPOSE TO GENERATE NEW MODELS OF SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY USING THE TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE OBSERVED BY TIM ON SORCE AND TSIS AND ONE OR OTHER PROXY INPUT (EITHER FACULAR BRIGHTENING OR SUNSPOT DARKENING). THE NEW MODELS OF SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE WILL BE VALIDATED WITH THE TSIS SIM OBSERVATIONS THAT ARE IMPROVED IN TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN FROM SORCE SIM TO ACHIEVE HIGHER ACCURACY AND GREATER LONG-TERM STABILITY. AS PART OF THIS NEW APPROACH WE WILL IMPROVE THE SOON SUNSPOT DARKENING FUNCTION USING OTHER DATABASES OF SUNSPOT AREAS AND LOCATIONS  SUCH AS THAT OF THE DEBRECEN OBSERVATORY.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K1304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787599149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80GSFC18C0056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4809145194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03044834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321284","funder_display_name":"Pusan National University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7228956634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C1004984","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7310107215","display_name":"FROM PREVIOUS ROSES FUNDING  WE HAVE PRODUCED FROM OMI RADIANCES AN OZONE PROFILE AND TROPOSPHERIC OZONE PRODUCT (PROFOZ)  AVAILABLE ON AURA VALIDATION DATA CENTER (AVDC) FOR THE ENTIRE RECORD. OZONE PROFILES ARE RETRIEVED IN 24 LAYERS  FROM THE SURFACE TO ABOUT 60 KM. THE RETRIEVED TROPOSPHERIC OZONE HAS SUFFICIENT ACCURACY TO SEE OZONE SIGNALS CAUSED BY CONVECTION  EL NINO  BIOMASS BURNING  ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION  AND STRATOSPHERIC INTRUSION  AND TO TRACK THEIR TRANSPORT SPATIOTEMPORALLY. TROPOSPHERIC  STRATOSPHERIC AND TOTAL OZONE COLUMNS CAN EACH BE ACCURATELY RETRIEVED TO TYPICALLY WITHIN THE FEW DOBSON UNIT RANGE. THIS ALGORITHM PRODUCES MORE ACCURATE OZONE PROFILES IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE AND TROPOSPHERE AND TOTAL OZONE THAN STANDARD ALGORITHMS. VALIDATION OF 10-YEAR PRODUCT (2004-2014) SHOWS VERY GOOD COMPARISON WITH OZONESONDE IN THE TROPICS AND MID-LATITUDE AND ABOVE ~20 KM AT HIGH LATITUDES  AND WITH MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER (MLS) OZONE PROFILE (EXCEPT FOR ABOVE ~32 KM AFTER THE OCCURRENCE OF SERIOUS ROW ANOMALY IN 2009) AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMN. HOWEVER  THE RETRIEVAL EXHIBITS TEMPORAL DEPENDENT BIASES (ARTIFICIAL TREND) ESPECIALLY AFTER 2009 AS WELL AS SOME LATITUDINAL/SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE/CROSS-TRACK DEPENDENT BIASES. IN ADDITION  RETRIEVAL SENSITIVITY TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AVAILABLE FROM THE OMI MEASUREMENTS IS NOT MAXIMIZED DUE TO INTERFERENCES FROM THE FITTED SURFACE ALBEDO PARAMETERS AND RETRIEVAL ACCURACY TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE IS AFFECTED DUE TO THE LACK OF EXPLICIT CONSIDERATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AEROSOL AND SURFACE BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS (BRDF). WE PROPOSE TO CONTINUE OUR INVOLVEMENT IN THE AURA SCIENCE TEAM AND ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION MODELING ANALYSIS PROGRAM WITH A THREE-YEAR STUDY TO: A. PRODUCE A SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED LONG-TERM AND SPATIAL CONSISTENT PRODUCT AT NATIVE OMI SPATIAL RESOLUTION (13 48 KM2 AT NADIR  INCLUDING ZOOM-MODE) INCORPORATING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF TROPOPAUSE-BASED CLIMATOLOGY  SIMULTANEOUS RETRIEVAL OF OPTICAL DEPTH OF POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS  CLOUD AND SURFACE RETRIEVAL USING THE RING EFFECT AND O4 ABSORPTION IN ~340-365 NM  ENHANCEMENT OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE RETRIEVAL SENSITIVITY USING LONGER WAVELENGTHS TO DERIVE WAVELENGTH-DEPENDENCE IN SURFACE ALBEDO  UPDATED CHARACTERIZATION OF SLIT FUNCTIONS  AND PROPOSED UPDATES BELOW (I.E.  B-E)  AND PRODUCE A NEW L3 PRODUCT IN THE OMI SIPS. B. IMPROVE THE CHARACTERIZATION OF OMI MEASUREMENT ERRORS TO BETTER CONSTRAIN OMI RETRIEVALS AND FURTHER OPTIMIZE THE SPECTRAL FITTING. C. MAINTAIN THE SPATIOTEMPORAL CONSISTENCY PERFORMING TEMPORAL DEPENDENT EMPIRICAL RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION AND BY FITTING STRAY-LIGHT SPECTRA AND SYSTEMATIC FITTING RESIDUALS. D. INVESTIGATE THE IMPACTS OF LACKING EXPLICIT AEROSOL AND SURFACE BRDF TREATMENTS ON RETRIEVALS  AND THE USE OF OMI AEROSOL PRODUCT OR SIMULTANEOUS AEROSOL RETRIEVAL  AND THE INCLUSION OF SURFACE BRDF TO IMPROVE THE RETRIEVAL ACCURACY TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE. E. SPEED UP AND IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER CALCULATIONS BASED ON LOOK-UP TABLES TO CORRECT ERRORS DUE TO NEGLECTING POLARIZATION AND INADEQUATE NUMBER OF STREAMS/LAYERS OR USING THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS APPROACH  AND IMPROVE FORWARD MODEL INPUTS WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS AND SURFACE ALBEDO. F. COMBINE OUR RETRIEVALS WITH OTHER SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA  AND DYNAMICS FIELDS TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS DYNAMICAL PROCESSES ON OZONE VARIABILITY INCLUDING ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON  TRANSPORT FROM DEEP CONVECTION AND STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXCHANGE (STE)  AND INVESTIGATE THE USE OF OUR RETRIEVALS TO MONITOR HIGH-O3 EVENTS OVER US INTERMOUNTAIN WEST. THIS PROPOSAL DIRECTLY RESPONDS TO 6 OUT OF 7 SPECIFIC GOALS OF THIS PROGRAM ELEMENT.","funder_award_id":"NNX17AI82G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8975532903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03044834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306083","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321284","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332538","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332812","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical 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