{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200084912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183","title":"Toward a Simple and Generic Approach for Identifying Multi-Year Cotton Cropping Patterns Using Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series","display_name":"Toward a Simple and Generic Approach for Identifying Multi-Year Cotton Cropping Patterns Using Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200084912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5183/pdf?version=1640158485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5183/pdf?version=1640158485","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634058","display_name":"Qiqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667297","display_name":"Guilin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guilin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710071","display_name":"Weijia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4926-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100667297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I187400657","https://openalex.org/I211433327"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7896287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"5183","last_page":"5183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropping","display_name":"Cropping","score":0.8659496307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6477840542793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5642274618148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropping-system","display_name":"Cropping system","score":0.4529440104961395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.43227285146713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4039815068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3735785186290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3717796802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1892896294593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06096932291984558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.8659496307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6477840542793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5642274618148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.4529440104961395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.43227285146713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4039815068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3735785186290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3717796802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1892896294593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06096932291984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5183/pdf?version=1640158485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d673320d3ffb47ac8fb62350db827a6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d673320d3ffb47ac8fb62350db827a6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 5183 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/24/5183/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5183/pdf?version=1640158485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5753835584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321758","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200084912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200084912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590169263","https://openalex.org/W1996777760","https://openalex.org/W2006203995","https://openalex.org/W2007482623","https://openalex.org/W2009987465","https://openalex.org/W2022257456","https://openalex.org/W2023912087","https://openalex.org/W2037798659","https://openalex.org/W2042645898","https://openalex.org/W2047548450","https://openalex.org/W2057425761","https://openalex.org/W2081282700","https://openalex.org/W2107131609","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2118899651","https://openalex.org/W2119566670","https://openalex.org/W2126779426","https://openalex.org/W2138202191","https://openalex.org/W2140023211","https://openalex.org/W2147003722","https://openalex.org/W2157026765","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2167787089","https://openalex.org/W2179952599","https://openalex.org/W2195004773","https://openalex.org/W2227896020","https://openalex.org/W2299848405","https://openalex.org/W2307094448","https://openalex.org/W2465503420","https://openalex.org/W2476492714","https://openalex.org/W2584130088","https://openalex.org/W2605873782","https://openalex.org/W2728388975","https://openalex.org/W2767953525","https://openalex.org/W2769529227","https://openalex.org/W2782794599","https://openalex.org/W2790566932","https://openalex.org/W2791740543","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2970800004","https://openalex.org/W2989925718","https://openalex.org/W3012975023","https://openalex.org/W3034975787","https://openalex.org/W3122730443","https://openalex.org/W3201793518","https://openalex.org/W4242021012","https://openalex.org/W4300894075","https://openalex.org/W6652154619","https://openalex.org/W6656262881","https://openalex.org/W6698001303","https://openalex.org/W6746043568","https://openalex.org/W6749181838","https://openalex.org/W6749641352","https://openalex.org/W6770483166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923126936","https://openalex.org/W3206472928","https://openalex.org/W4210709505","https://openalex.org/W1497541991","https://openalex.org/W3006810508","https://openalex.org/W2349526087","https://openalex.org/W422807165","https://openalex.org/W2036193726","https://openalex.org/W2883608883","https://openalex.org/W2062761166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143,152],"sustainable":[1],"development":[2],"goals":[3],"of":[4,13,26,64,94,118,145],"the":[5,11,92],"United":[6],"Nations,":[7],"as":[8,10],"well":[9],"era":[12],"pandemics":[14],"have":[15],"introduced":[16],"serious":[17],"challenges":[18],"for":[19,40],"agricultural":[20,27],"production":[21],"and":[22,44,52,66,81,100,120,157,164],"management.":[23],"Precise":[24],"management":[25],"practices":[28],"based":[29,60,113,133],"on":[30,61,114,134],"satellite-borne":[31],"remote":[32],"sensing":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"considered":[36],"an":[37,138],"effective":[38,156],"means":[39],"monitoring":[41],"cropping":[42,148,162],"patterns":[43,59,112,149],"crop-farming":[45],"patterns.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"we":[48,90,101],"proposed":[49,153],"a":[50,77,83,103],"simple":[51,78],"generic":[53],"approach":[54,154],"to":[55,107,125],"identify":[56],"multi-year":[57,109,146,161],"cotton-cropping":[58],"time":[62,116],"series":[63,117],"Landsat":[65,119],"Sentinel-2":[67,121],"images,":[68],"with":[69,137],"few":[70],"ground":[71],"samples":[72,96,136],"that":[73],"covered":[74],"many":[75],"years,":[76],"classification":[79,85],"algorithm,":[80],"had":[82],"high":[84],"accuracy.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"approach,":[89],"extended":[91],"size":[93],"training":[95,135],"using":[97],"active":[98],"learning,":[99],"employed":[102],"random":[104],"forest":[105],"algorithm":[106],"extract":[108],"cotton":[110,147],"planting":[111],"dense":[115],"data":[122],"from":[123],"2014":[124],"2018.":[126],"We":[127],"created":[128],"annual":[129],"crop":[130],"cultivation":[131],"maps":[132],"accuracy":[139,144],"greater":[140],"than":[141],"95.69%.":[142],"was":[150,155],"96.93%.":[151],"robust":[158],"in":[159,169],"identifying":[160],"patterns,":[163],"it":[165],"could":[166],"be":[167],"applied":[168],"other":[170],"regions.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}