{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200228116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168","title":"Investigation of Vegetation Changes in Different Mining Areas in Liaoning Province, China, Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"Investigation of Vegetation Changes in Different Mining Areas in Liaoning Province, China, Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200228116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5168/pdf?version=1640001355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5168/pdf?version=1640001355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101752546","display_name":"Baodong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baodong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008118067","display_name":"Xiangru Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangru Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100561691","display_name":"Yajiao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajiao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032269876","display_name":"Yang Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-008X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066385513","display_name":"Defu Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5871-7344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Defu Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101752546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86476965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"5168","last_page":"5168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7245886921882629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.6561355590820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5407509803771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-reclamation","display_name":"Land reclamation","score":0.4873562753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46162134408950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.41184481978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27270856499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.2138899862766266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20028916001319885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7245886921882629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6561355590820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5407509803771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61661205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130322","display_name":"Land reclamation","level":2,"score":0.4873562753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46162134408950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.41184481978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27270856499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2138899862766266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20028916001319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5168/pdf?version=1640001355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e90585c98874963a1590f845521e1db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e90585c98874963a1590f845521e1db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 5168 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/24/5168/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 24; Pages: 5168","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5168/pdf?version=1640001355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8644701782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871310, 41801249 and 41201359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200228116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200228116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592121441","https://openalex.org/W1970217081","https://openalex.org/W1974047452","https://openalex.org/W1974285157","https://openalex.org/W1997931238","https://openalex.org/W2005002824","https://openalex.org/W2007646266","https://openalex.org/W2008681453","https://openalex.org/W2018205127","https://openalex.org/W2028747653","https://openalex.org/W2029058476","https://openalex.org/W2031392670","https://openalex.org/W2038607643","https://openalex.org/W2054502362","https://openalex.org/W2059302264","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2071978272","https://openalex.org/W2073663710","https://openalex.org/W2085081784","https://openalex.org/W2098262919","https://openalex.org/W2110416266","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2121763158","https://openalex.org/W2127931635","https://openalex.org/W2128438912","https://openalex.org/W2132874271","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2298277936","https://openalex.org/W2390317897","https://openalex.org/W2413865018","https://openalex.org/W2768035654","https://openalex.org/W2788945171","https://openalex.org/W2805442418","https://openalex.org/W2884152483","https://openalex.org/W2884678245","https://openalex.org/W2887093216","https://openalex.org/W2965472789","https://openalex.org/W2973640284","https://openalex.org/W2989585671","https://openalex.org/W2991335389","https://openalex.org/W2994835442","https://openalex.org/W2996285824","https://openalex.org/W3006023583","https://openalex.org/W4251811842","https://openalex.org/W6649604166","https://openalex.org/W6697700692","https://openalex.org/W6715668860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351978338","https://openalex.org/W2369329102","https://openalex.org/W2355403593","https://openalex.org/W2374873665","https://openalex.org/W2073128866","https://openalex.org/W2388001001","https://openalex.org/W2378738687","https://openalex.org/W3103150534","https://openalex.org/W2968817434","https://openalex.org/W4309269549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mining":[0],"can":[1],"provide":[2],"necessary":[3],"mineral":[4,47],"resources":[5,48],"for":[6,27,282],"humans.":[7],"However,":[8],"mining":[9,41,52,64,115,120,145,219,227,260,293,331,340,356],"activities":[10,121,294],"may":[11],"cause":[12],"damage":[13,29],"to":[14,30,73,87,99,193,200,237,288,302,324,349],"the":[15,33,39,100,110,125,140,171,191,195,201,203,208,225,229,238,243,255,262,289,300,326,335,354],"surrounding":[16],"ecology":[17,31],"and":[18,32,49,76,113,143,184,258,274,285,295,311,338],"environment.":[19,34],"Vegetation":[20],"change":[21,61,89],"analysis":[22],"is":[23,36,210,235,268,304,316],"a":[24,154],"key":[25],"tool":[26],"evaluating":[28],"Liaoning":[35,55],"one":[37],"of":[38,91,181,197,246,292],"major":[40],"provinces":[42],"in":[43,62,109,127,139,157,207,214,217,232,249,271,306,328,353],"China,":[44],"with":[45,136,221],"rich":[46],"long-term,":[50],"high-intensity":[51],"activities.":[53],"Taking":[54],"Province":[56],"as":[57,334],"an":[58],"example,":[59],"vegetation":[60,92,107,126,138,172,283,303,327,351],"six":[63],"areas":[65,108,135,216,220,234,267],"was":[66,167],"investigated":[67],"using":[68,95,170],"multisource":[69],"remote":[70],"sensing":[71],"data":[72,84],"evaluate":[74],"ecological":[75,150],"environmental":[77,247,263,343],"changes.":[78],"Based":[79,160],"on":[80,161,190,265],"MODIS":[81],"NDVI":[82],"series":[83],"from":[85],"2000":[86],"2019,":[88],"trends":[90],"were":[93,187],"evaluated":[94],"linear":[96],"regression.":[97],"According":[98,199],"results,":[101,202],"there":[102,132],"are":[103,133],"large":[104],"highly":[105],"degraded":[106],"Anshan,":[111,141,256,336],"Benxi,":[112,257,337],"Yingkou":[114,226,339,355],"areas,":[116,146,261,332],"which":[117,147,241],"indicates":[118,148],"that":[119,149,318],"have":[122],"seriously":[123],"damaged":[124],"these":[128,158,218],"areas.":[129,159,341],"In":[130,224,254,298],"contrast,":[131,299],"considerable":[134],"improved":[137],"Fushun,":[142],"Fuxin":[144],"reclamation":[151,320],"has":[152],"played":[153],"positive":[155],"role":[156],"Sentinel-2A":[162],"data,":[163],"leaf":[164,182,204],"chlorophyll":[165,185,205,230],"content":[166,186,206,231],"inferred":[168],"by":[169],"index":[173],"MERIS":[174],"Terrestrial":[175],"Chlorophyll":[176],"Index":[177],"(MTCI)":[178],"after":[179],"measurement":[180],"spectra":[183],"carried":[188],"out":[189],"ground":[192],"validate":[194],"performance":[196],"MTCI.":[198],"mines":[209,250,277,310],"generally":[211],"lower":[212],"than":[213],"adjacent":[215,233,266],"individual":[222],"differences.":[223],"area,":[228],"close":[236],"magnesite":[239,275],"mines,":[240],"means":[242],"spillover":[244],"effect":[245],"pollution":[248],"should":[251,278,321,346],"be":[252,279,322,347],"considerable.":[253],"Diaobingshan":[259],"stress":[264,286,352],"slight.":[269],"All":[270],"all,":[272],"iron":[273],"open-pit":[276,308,330],"monitored":[280],"closely":[281],"destruction":[284],"due":[287],"high":[290],"intensity":[291],"serious":[296],"pollution.":[297],"disturbance":[301],"limited":[305],"resource-exhausted":[307],"coal":[309,313],"underground":[312],"mines.":[314],"It":[315],"suggested":[317],"land":[319],"enhanced":[323,348],"improve":[325],"active":[329],"such":[333],"Additionally,":[342],"protection":[344],"measures":[345],"relieve":[350],"area.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}