{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200240613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130","title":"Outbreak of Negative Narrow Bipolar Events in Two Mid-Latitude Thunderstorms Featuring Overshooting Tops","display_name":"Outbreak of Negative Narrow Bipolar Events in Two Mid-Latitude Thunderstorms Featuring Overshooting Tops","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200240613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5130/pdf?version=1639736445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5130/pdf?version=1639736445","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103002253","display_name":"Feifan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044231135","display_name":"Baoyou Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-1581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baoyou Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057699575","display_name":"Gaopeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-0144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134251","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzbv419","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210134251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaopeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134251","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032990372","display_name":"Ming Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-0372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044231135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2666,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80064479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"5130","last_page":"5130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.7470083236694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorm","display_name":"Thunderstorm","score":0.6925349831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5673985481262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.5194365978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5054302215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-latitudes","display_name":"Middle latitudes","score":0.4392701983451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.4279004633426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4273374378681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.36353060603141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.263206422328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.1353917419910431}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.7470083236694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.6925349831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5673985481262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.5194365978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5054302215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.4392701983451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.4279004633426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4273374378681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36353060603141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.263206422328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1353917419910431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5130/pdf?version=1639736445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:962aa9e894824332ad91f5735d22db37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/962aa9e894824332ad91f5735d22db37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 5130 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/24/5130/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5130/pdf?version=1639736445","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8308899908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42005068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200240613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200240613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493324377","https://openalex.org/W1581080138","https://openalex.org/W1825654728","https://openalex.org/W1880261787","https://openalex.org/W1938163655","https://openalex.org/W1944123744","https://openalex.org/W1956743325","https://openalex.org/W1966883588","https://openalex.org/W1973018822","https://openalex.org/W1975405687","https://openalex.org/W1980035230","https://openalex.org/W1983645612","https://openalex.org/W1984223997","https://openalex.org/W1988152575","https://openalex.org/W1996376768","https://openalex.org/W1999266519","https://openalex.org/W2036123140","https://openalex.org/W2057064627","https://openalex.org/W2067237652","https://openalex.org/W2068566504","https://openalex.org/W2075472031","https://openalex.org/W2080707859","https://openalex.org/W2086380446","https://openalex.org/W2088499417","https://openalex.org/W2099285376","https://openalex.org/W2109541362","https://openalex.org/W2118035545","https://openalex.org/W2137017927","https://openalex.org/W2143005628","https://openalex.org/W2144827136","https://openalex.org/W2156281710","https://openalex.org/W2280962991","https://openalex.org/W2330548104","https://openalex.org/W2564550853","https://openalex.org/W2588404891","https://openalex.org/W2592051771","https://openalex.org/W2791704973","https://openalex.org/W2905812126","https://openalex.org/W2918395471","https://openalex.org/W2934779481","https://openalex.org/W2937482270","https://openalex.org/W2946442629","https://openalex.org/W2969630838","https://openalex.org/W2986627731","https://openalex.org/W3016515831","https://openalex.org/W3037087293","https://openalex.org/W3124758492","https://openalex.org/W3142205405","https://openalex.org/W3214530800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071010365","https://openalex.org/W3006199805","https://openalex.org/W2995391261","https://openalex.org/W2155600564","https://openalex.org/W2379997514","https://openalex.org/W4310829822","https://openalex.org/W1977336325","https://openalex.org/W1981528923","https://openalex.org/W2981373137","https://openalex.org/W3171614835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lightning":[0],"discharges":[1,35],"are":[2],"the":[3,10,16,52,68,100,107,144,150,184,203],"electrical":[4,95,193],"production":[5,101],"in":[6,15,136],"thunderclouds.":[7],"They":[8],"radiate":[9],"bulk":[11],"of":[12,31,65,77,97,102,131,152,166,186,205],"radio":[13,109],"signals":[14],"very":[17],"low-frequency":[18,20],"and":[19,94,122,207],"(VLF/LF)":[21],"that":[22,55,149,183],"can":[23],"be":[24,46],"detected":[25],"by":[26,112],"ground-based":[27],"receivers.":[28],"One":[29],"kind":[30],"special":[32],"intra-cloud":[33],"lightning":[34],"known":[36],"as":[37],"narrow":[38],"bipolar":[39],"events":[40],"(NBEs)":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"shown":[44],"to":[45,51,57,81,90,195],"rare":[47,83],"but":[48],"closely":[49],"linked":[50],"convective":[53],"activity":[54],"leads":[56],"hazardous":[58],"weather.":[59],"However,":[60],"there":[61],"is":[62,169],"still":[63],"lack":[64],"understanding":[66],"on":[67],"meteorological":[69,93],"conditions":[70,96],"for":[71,75,202],"thunderstorm-producing":[72],"NBEs,":[73],"especially":[74],"those":[76],"negative":[78,103,132,153,167,187],"polarity,":[79],"due":[80],"their":[82],"occurrence.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"work,":[87],"we":[88],"aim":[89],"investigate":[91],"what":[92],"thunderclouds":[98,157],"favor":[99],"NBEs.":[104],"Combining":[105],"with":[106,129,143,158,171,200],"VLF/LF":[108],"signal":[110],"measured":[111],"Jianghuai":[113],"Area":[114],"Sferic":[115],"Array":[116],"(JASA),":[117],"S-band":[118],"Doppler":[119],"radar":[120,146],"observation":[121],"balloon":[123],"sounding":[124],"data,":[125],"two":[126],"mid-latitude":[127],"thunderstorms":[128],"outbreaks":[130],"NBEs":[133,154,168,188],"at":[134],"midnight":[135],"East":[137],"China":[138],"were":[139],"analyzed.":[140],"The":[141],"comparison":[142],"vertical":[145],"profile":[147],"shows":[148],"bursts":[151],"occurred":[155],"near":[156,177],"overshooting":[159,198],"tops":[160,199],"higher":[161],"than":[162],"18":[163],"km.":[164],"Manifestation":[165],"observed":[170],"a":[172,191],"relatively":[173],"low":[174],"spectrum":[175],"width":[176],"thundercloud":[178],"tops.":[179],"Our":[180],"findings":[181],"suggest":[182],"detection":[185],"would":[189],"provide":[190],"unique":[192],"means":[194],"remotely":[196],"probe":[197],"implications":[201],"exchange":[204],"troposphere":[206],"stratosphere.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}