{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200581099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070","title":"Hydrometeor Classification of Winter Precipitation in Northern China Based on Multi-Platform Radar Observation System","display_name":"Hydrometeor Classification of Winter Precipitation in Northern China Based on Multi-Platform Radar Observation System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200581099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5070/pdf?version=1639486026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5070/pdf?version=1639486026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450915","display_name":"Yichen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-5652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145517","display_name":"Jilin Weather Modification Office","ror":"https://ror.org/056js0g95","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China","Field Experiment Base of Cloud and Precipitation Research in North China, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 101200, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-5652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Experiment Base of Cloud and Precipitation Research in North China, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 101200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049795863","display_name":"Xiange Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3106-6114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145517","display_name":"Jilin Weather Modification Office","ror":"https://ror.org/056js0g95","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang\u2019e Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068795184","display_name":"Kai Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145517","display_name":"Jilin Weather Modification Office","ror":"https://ror.org/056js0g95","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047301767","display_name":"Delong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-7820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145517","display_name":"Jilin Weather Modification Office","ror":"https://ror.org/056js0g95","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources (LCPW), Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Weather Modification Center, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100450915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I4210137516","https://openalex.org/I4210145517"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3504,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59569851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"5070","last_page":"5070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graupel","display_name":"Graupel","score":0.9831748008728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7903066277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowflake","display_name":"Snowflake","score":0.6685688495635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6387069821357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6241950988769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.6008701324462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5941727757453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.5271280407905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5138576030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-crystals","display_name":"Ice crystals","score":0.46352487802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.32655054330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24203446507453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18851414322853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11613130569458008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94121128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213202","display_name":"Graupel","level":3,"score":0.9831748008728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7903066277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54059038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550147","display_name":"Snowflake","level":3,"score":0.6685688495635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6387069821357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6241950988769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6008701324462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5941727757453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.5271280407905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5138576030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125388846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325808","display_name":"Ice crystals","level":2,"score":0.46352487802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.32655054330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24203446507453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18851414322853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11613130569458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5070/pdf?version=1639486026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb32650c2f3244159b8ee0be96cb022b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb32650c2f3244159b8ee0be96cb022b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 5070 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/24/5070/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13245070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/5070/pdf?version=1639486026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2461144149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41975179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2861976937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant Nos.42075092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8554107490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200581099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200581099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W1531376868","https://openalex.org/W1967223524","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2030952626","https://openalex.org/W2045947288","https://openalex.org/W2048051513","https://openalex.org/W2059001516","https://openalex.org/W2078016202","https://openalex.org/W2083339292","https://openalex.org/W2086262081","https://openalex.org/W2090380481","https://openalex.org/W2099070716","https://openalex.org/W2100700963","https://openalex.org/W2101902804","https://openalex.org/W2107931670","https://openalex.org/W2115466864","https://openalex.org/W2117218300","https://openalex.org/W2118103940","https://openalex.org/W2119007429","https://openalex.org/W2121561906","https://openalex.org/W2126090229","https://openalex.org/W2131775003","https://openalex.org/W2147670278","https://openalex.org/W2154834737","https://openalex.org/W2155393662","https://openalex.org/W2157747676","https://openalex.org/W2162568555","https://openalex.org/W2175351933","https://openalex.org/W2347458834","https://openalex.org/W2364032436","https://openalex.org/W2384791851","https://openalex.org/W2549215664","https://openalex.org/W2789062657","https://openalex.org/W2794601087","https://openalex.org/W2965113108","https://openalex.org/W3008454333","https://openalex.org/W3009349729","https://openalex.org/W3014253671","https://openalex.org/W3035662131","https://openalex.org/W3062030921","https://openalex.org/W3081686938","https://openalex.org/W3111641989","https://openalex.org/W3171730784","https://openalex.org/W3212422533","https://openalex.org/W6766305091","https://openalex.org/W7026436676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147532049","https://openalex.org/W1977931480","https://openalex.org/W4200484081","https://openalex.org/W2606863296","https://openalex.org/W3103739583","https://openalex.org/W3090366956","https://openalex.org/W2107742146","https://openalex.org/W3208287698","https://openalex.org/W3214472741","https://openalex.org/W310337556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydrometeor":[0],"classification":[1,54,92],"remains":[2],"a":[3,21],"challenge":[4],"in":[5,40,108,111,136,187],"winter":[6,109,138,189],"precipitation":[7,110,139,190],"cloud":[8,33,140,191],"systems.":[9],"To":[10],"address":[11],"this":[12,165],"issue,":[13],"42":[14],"snowfall":[15],"events":[16],"were":[17,78],"investigated":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20],"multi-platform":[22],"radar":[23,72],"observation":[24],"system":[25],"(i.e.,":[26],"X-band":[27],"dual-polarization":[28],"radar,":[29,34],"Ka-band":[30],"millimeter":[31],"wave":[32],"microwave":[35],"radiometer,":[36],"airborne":[37],"equipment,":[38],"etc.)":[39],"the":[41,60,64,75,81,86,89,98,127,137,154,168,172,188],"mountainous":[42],"region":[43],"of":[44,88,104,129,174,183],"northern":[45],"China":[46],"from":[47,149],"2016":[48],"to":[49,58,84,151],"2020.":[50],"A":[51],"fuzzy":[52],"logic":[53],"method":[55],"is":[56],"proposed":[57,90],"identify":[59],"particle":[61,121],"phases,":[62],"and":[63,117,126,131,142,161,181],"retrieval":[65],"result":[66],"was":[67],"further":[68],"verified":[69],"with":[70,80,113],"ground-based":[71],"observation.":[73],"Moreover,":[74],"hydrometeor":[76,91,106],"characteristics":[77],"compared":[79],"numerical":[82,118],"simulations":[83],"clarify":[85],"reliability":[87],"approach.":[93],"The":[94],"results":[95],"demonstrate":[96],"that":[97],"X-/Ka-":[99],"band":[100],"radars":[101],"are":[102,133,144],"capable":[103],"identifying":[105],"phases":[107],"accordance":[112],"both":[114],"ground":[115],"observations":[116],"simulations.":[119],"Three":[120],"categories,":[122],"including":[123,153],"snow,":[124],"graupel":[125,132],"mixture":[128],"snow":[130],"also":[134],"detected":[135],"system,":[141],"there":[143],"three":[145],"vertical":[146],"layers":[147],"identified":[148],"top":[150],"bottom,":[152],"ice":[155,184],"crystal":[156,185],"layer,":[157],"snow-graupel":[158],"mixed":[159],"layer":[160],"snowflake":[162],"layer.":[163],"Overall,":[164],"study":[166],"has":[167],"potential":[169],"for":[170],"improving":[171],"understanding":[173],"microphysical":[175],"processes":[176],"such":[177],"as":[178],"freezing,":[179],"deposition":[180],"aggregation":[182],"particles":[186],"system.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}