{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200514078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960","title":"Analysis of Wetland Landcover Change in Great Lakes Urban Areas Using Self-Organizing Maps","display_name":"Analysis of Wetland Landcover Change in Great Lakes Urban Areas Using Self-Organizing Maps","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200514078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13244960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/4960/pdf?version=1638858900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/4960/pdf?version=1638858900","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006800427","display_name":"Elissa Penfound","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3419-6606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elissa Penfound","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yeates School of Graduate Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeates School of Graduate Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084167587","display_name":"Eric Vaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-2677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Vaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006800427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8209225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"4960","last_page":"4960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetland","display_name":"Wetland","score":0.9390786290168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5721933841705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5657027363777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.5564482808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46741271018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4619920551776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.42404207587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.41401219367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3902107775211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.23521831631660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09706130623817444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.9390786290168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5721933841705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5657027363777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.5564482808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46741271018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4619920551776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42404207587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41401219367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3902107775211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.23521831631660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09706130623817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13244960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/4960/pdf?version=1638858900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52b5009e96594adc93d5c97c0221c86f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52b5009e96594adc93d5c97c0221c86f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 4960 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/24/4960/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 24; Pages: 4960","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13244960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/24/4960/pdf?version=1638858900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200514078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200514078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139002303","https://openalex.org/W179453139","https://openalex.org/W850947393","https://openalex.org/W1553673002","https://openalex.org/W1851577741","https://openalex.org/W1977664008","https://openalex.org/W1980661581","https://openalex.org/W1984531138","https://openalex.org/W2011287653","https://openalex.org/W2024006383","https://openalex.org/W2031338608","https://openalex.org/W2033367983","https://openalex.org/W2044229489","https://openalex.org/W2047330928","https://openalex.org/W2053885782","https://openalex.org/W2077131638","https://openalex.org/W2079810998","https://openalex.org/W2081129352","https://openalex.org/W2106709394","https://openalex.org/W2144391298","https://openalex.org/W2148931508","https://openalex.org/W2167391981","https://openalex.org/W2171415339","https://openalex.org/W2235053680","https://openalex.org/W2346924097","https://openalex.org/W2478369549","https://openalex.org/W2527945865","https://openalex.org/W2575780845","https://openalex.org/W2607813080","https://openalex.org/W2750405582","https://openalex.org/W2789466765","https://openalex.org/W2790072303","https://openalex.org/W2792802470","https://openalex.org/W2801223223","https://openalex.org/W2909822787","https://openalex.org/W2921075492","https://openalex.org/W2944512687","https://openalex.org/W3014436510","https://openalex.org/W3025743355","https://openalex.org/W3125416535","https://openalex.org/W6605614916","https://openalex.org/W6639072546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2381193838","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2383007022","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2392291083","https://openalex.org/W2357732990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wetland":[0],"loss":[1],"and":[2,22,33,42,56,80,137,172,215,222],"subsequent":[3],"reduction":[4],"of":[5,47,60,69,107],"wetland":[6,48,78,81,116,128,186,195,217],"ecosystem":[7,218],"services":[8,219],"in":[9,17,54,66,104,220],"the":[10,43,67,73,105,111,123,138,181],"Great":[11],"Lakes":[12],"region":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"driven,":[16],"part,":[18],"by":[19],"changing":[20,40,212],"landcover":[21,26,41,74,93,112,124,139,153,190],"increasing":[23],"urbanization.":[24],"With":[25],"change":[27,75,94,113,125,140,154,191],"data,":[28],"digital":[29],"elevation":[30,143],"models":[31],"(DEM),":[32],"self-organizing":[34],"maps":[35],"(SOM),":[36],"this":[37,61],"study":[38,204],"explores":[39],"flood":[44,200],"mitigation":[45,201],"attributes":[46],"areas":[49,187,196],"over":[50],"a":[51,90,165,208],"15-year":[52],"period":[53],"Toronto":[55,70,221],"Chicago.":[57,223],"The":[58],"results":[59],"analysis":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64,89,150,163,197],"(1)":[65],"city":[68,106],"SOM":[71,109,183],"clusters,":[72,110],"correlations":[76,114,126,141],"with":[77,99,115,127,142,159,194],"volume":[79,129],"area":[82,117,131,171],"range":[83,118,132,144],"between":[84,119,133,145],"\u22120.1":[85,120,134],"to":[86,96,121,135,147,156,206],"\u22120.5,":[87],"indicating":[88,149],"more":[91,151],"intense":[92,152],"tends":[95,155],"be":[97,157],"correlated":[98,158,193],"small":[100,161],"shallow":[101],"wetlands,":[102],"(2)":[103],"Chicago":[108],"\u22120.7,":[122],"per":[130,170],"0.8,":[136],"\u22120.2":[146],"\u22120.6,":[148],"spatially":[160],"wetlands":[162],"have":[164,198],"relatively":[166],"high":[167,199],"water-storage":[168],"capacity":[169],"are":[173],"located":[174],"at":[175],"lower":[176],"elevations.":[177],"In":[178],"both":[179],"cities,":[180],"smallest":[182],"clusters":[184],"represent":[185],"where":[188],"increased":[189],"is":[192],"potential.":[202],"This":[203],"aims":[205],"offer":[207],"new":[209],"perspective":[210],"on":[211],"urban":[213,216],"landscapes":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}