{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200366492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928","title":"Three-Dimensional Urban Land Cover Classification by Prior-Level Fusion of LiDAR Point Cloud and Optical Imagery","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Urban Land Cover Classification by Prior-Level Fusion of LiDAR Point Cloud and Optical Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200366492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4928/pdf?version=1638701751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4928/pdf?version=1638701751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733228","display_name":"Yanming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334305","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8788-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040226555","display_name":"Yijia Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-3070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012427315","display_name":"Qiqi Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009449715","display_name":"Wan Sida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sida Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100733228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69383095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4928","last_page":"4928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8458932638168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6850324273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6650123000144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6393346190452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5499824285507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.474908709526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.4614933729171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.44403570890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.42907074093818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4243500232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.41625988483428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4161551296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.41005706787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3244136869907379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26195549964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18645775318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11722832918167114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8458932638168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6850324273109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6650123000144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6393346190452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5499824285507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.474908709526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4614933729171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.44403570890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.42907074093818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4243500232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.41625988483428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4161551296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.41005706787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3244136869907379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26195549964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18645775318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11722832918167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4928/pdf?version=1638701751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:295777a788774fa19b3e7fab92101648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/295777a788774fa19b3e7fab92101648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4928 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4928/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4928/pdf?version=1638701751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4563609046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210201049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5718459750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200366492.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200366492.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909515874","https://openalex.org/W1965309615","https://openalex.org/W1975235721","https://openalex.org/W1983192691","https://openalex.org/W1985908905","https://openalex.org/W2001014393","https://openalex.org/W2010980358","https://openalex.org/W2011287807","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2051094394","https://openalex.org/W2088805832","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2131256165","https://openalex.org/W2160821342","https://openalex.org/W2295332248","https://openalex.org/W2303172903","https://openalex.org/W2335639764","https://openalex.org/W2415334435","https://openalex.org/W2480826066","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2594602492","https://openalex.org/W2606929568","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2761129952","https://openalex.org/W2800306924","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2885434506","https://openalex.org/W2896259381","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2914561492","https://openalex.org/W2919824850","https://openalex.org/W2923136550","https://openalex.org/W2943287822","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2963182550","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963995737","https://openalex.org/W2981192764","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W3039448353","https://openalex.org/W4301802631","https://openalex.org/W6759190199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,117,192],"heterogeneity":[1],"of":[2,44,70,209,238],"urban":[3,14,19,211],"landscape":[4],"in":[5,13],"the":[6,42,68,102,131,145,149,172,182,207,217,227,234,242,252],"vertical":[7],"direction":[8],"should":[9],"not":[10],"be":[11,50],"neglected":[12],"ecology":[15],"research,":[16],"which":[17],"requires":[18],"land":[20,46,79,124,212,229,258],"cover":[21,47,80,125,213,230,259],"product":[22],"transformation":[23],"from":[24,127,171],"two-dimensions":[25],"to":[26,144,202],"three-dimensions":[27],"using":[28,59,83,148],"light":[29],"detection":[30],"and":[31,56,74,98,106,115,153,177,189,215,256],"ranging":[32],"system":[33],"(LiDAR)":[34],"point":[35,72,140,204],"clouds.":[36],"Previous":[37],"studies":[38,64],"have":[39,65],"demonstrated":[40],"that":[41,250],"performance":[43,208],"two-dimensional":[45,123,228],"classification":[48,231],"can":[49],"improved":[51,193],"by":[52,155,226],"fusing":[53,199],"optical":[54,75,128,200,239],"imagery":[55,76,129,201],"LiDAR":[57,71,139,203],"data":[58,170],"several":[60],"strategies.":[61],"However,":[62],"few":[63],"focused":[66],"on":[67,169],"fusion":[69,96,111,120,245],"clouds":[73,205],"for":[77,134,175],"three-dimensional":[78,135,210,257],"classification,":[81,214],"especially":[82],"a":[84,93,138,156,248],"deep":[85,157],"learning":[86],"framework.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"study,":[90],"we":[91],"proposed":[92,118,161,218,243],"novel":[94],"prior-level":[95,119,219,244],"strategy":[97,104,121,163,220,246],"compared":[99,180],"it":[100],"with":[101,181],"no-fusion":[103],"(baseline)":[105],"three":[107],"other":[108],"commonly":[109],"used":[110],"strategies":[112],"(point-level,":[113],"feature-level,":[114],"decision-level).":[116],"uses":[122,222],"derived":[126],"as":[130],"prior":[132,146],"knowledge":[133],"classification.":[136,260],"Then,":[137],"cloud":[141],"is":[142],"linked":[143],"information":[147,224,237],"nearest":[150],"neighbor":[151],"method":[152],"classified":[154],"neural":[158],"network.":[159],"Our":[160],"prior-fusion":[162],"has":[164],"higher":[165],"overall":[166],"accuracy":[167,194],"(82.47%)":[168],"International":[173],"Society":[174],"Photogrammetry":[176],"Remote":[178],"Sensing,":[179],"baseline":[183],"(74.62%),":[184],"point-level":[185],"(79.86%),":[186],"feature-level":[187],"(76.22%),":[188],"decision-level":[190],"(81.12%).":[191],"reflects":[195],"two":[196],"features:":[197],"(1)":[198],"improves":[206],"(2)":[216],"directly":[221],"semantic":[223],"provided":[225],"rather":[232],"than":[233],"original":[235],"spectral":[236],"imagery.":[240],"Furthermore,":[241],"provides":[247],"series":[249],"fills":[251],"gap":[253],"between":[254],"two-":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}