{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215954049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","title":"A New Triangulation Algorithm for Positioning Space Debris","display_name":"A New Triangulation Algorithm for Positioning Space Debris","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215954049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","mag":"3215954049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4878/pdf?version=1638407465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4878/pdf?version=1638407465","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336450","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-0572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110446","display_name":"Changchun Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycn3984","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China","School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006317531","display_name":"Chengze Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4718-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110446","display_name":"Changchun Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycn3984","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengzhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038779081","display_name":"Zhenwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110446","display_name":"Changchun Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycn3984","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103277636","display_name":"Zhe Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110446","display_name":"Changchun Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycn3984","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Observatory of National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110446","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.5683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96515029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4878","last_page":"4878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.9121999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.8983150720596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.764290988445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6088232398033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5615203380584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-debris","display_name":"Space debris","score":0.542573094367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.5304529070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.45712795853614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3108130693435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris","display_name":"Debris","score":0.24614062905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1902714967727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.130385160446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.074705570936203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.8983150720596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.764290988445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6088232398033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5615203380584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18949120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275450","display_name":"Space debris","level":3,"score":0.542573094367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.5304529070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.45712795853614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3108130693435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.24614062905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1902714967727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.130385160446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.074705570936203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4878/pdf?version=1638407465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d354d282a1e48bc81c41bb6c8f3145c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d354d282a1e48bc81c41bb6c8f3145c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4878 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4878/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 23; Pages: 4878","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4878/pdf?version=1638407465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8374140610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2031129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215954049.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215954049.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987839638","https://openalex.org/W1996494007","https://openalex.org/W2016424359","https://openalex.org/W2018255769","https://openalex.org/W2019272944","https://openalex.org/W2025744624","https://openalex.org/W2047409596","https://openalex.org/W2048054711","https://openalex.org/W2068425371","https://openalex.org/W2071675651","https://openalex.org/W2072207014","https://openalex.org/W2074869339","https://openalex.org/W2079916208","https://openalex.org/W2090947893","https://openalex.org/W2098893304","https://openalex.org/W2125525914","https://openalex.org/W2167854136","https://openalex.org/W2507558921","https://openalex.org/W2801266772","https://openalex.org/W3038068141","https://openalex.org/W3047514326","https://openalex.org/W4250666038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1764268368","https://openalex.org/W3196993739","https://openalex.org/W2966103947","https://openalex.org/W2999505612","https://openalex.org/W3181448600","https://openalex.org/W4379875039","https://openalex.org/W2762243763","https://openalex.org/W783801594","https://openalex.org/W171204578","https://openalex.org/W1980120026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"single":[1],"electro-optical":[2],"(EO)":[3],"sensor":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,127],"space":[7,14,53],"debris":[8,15,54],"observation":[9,33,71,166],"provides":[10],"angle-only":[11],"information.":[12],"However,":[13],"position":[16,63,96,124,139],"can":[17],"be":[18],"derived":[19],"using":[20,151],"simultaneous":[21],"optical":[22],"measurements":[23],"obtained":[24,126],"from":[25],"two":[26,31],"EO":[27],"sensors":[28],"located":[29],"at":[30],"separate":[32],"sites,":[34],"and":[35,56,121,156],"this":[36,43],"is":[37,65,72,103,130,147,167],"commonly":[38],"known":[39],"as":[40],"triangulation.":[41],"In":[42,141],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"a":[47],"new":[48],"triangulation":[49,83,87,101,111,119,153],"algorithm":[50,84,102,112],"to":[51,74],"determine":[52],"position,":[55],"its":[57],"analytical":[58,135],"expression":[59,136],"of":[60,69,80,98,137,164,172],"Root-Mean-Square":[61],"(RMS)":[62],"error":[64,79,97,125],"presented.":[66],"The":[67,89],"simulation":[68,129],"two-site":[70,165],"conducted":[73],"compare":[75],"the":[76,81,93,99,109,122,128,134,152,157,161,173],"RMS":[77,95,123,138],"positioning":[78,115,154],"proposed":[82,100,110],"with":[85,133],"traditional":[86,118],"algorithms.":[88],"results":[90,158],"show":[91,159],"that":[92,160,171],"maximum":[94],"not":[104],"more":[105],"than":[106,117,170],"200":[107],"m,":[108],"has":[113],"higher":[114,169],"accuracy":[116,163],"algorithms,":[120],"nearly":[131],"consistent":[132],"error.":[140],"addition,":[142],"initial":[143],"orbit":[144],"determination":[145],"(IOD)":[146],"carried":[148],"out":[149],"by":[150],"data,":[155],"IOD":[162],"significantly":[168],"single-site":[174],"observation.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}
