{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216025718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","title":"Street-Level Image Localization Based on Building-Aware Features via Patch-Region Retrieval under Metropolitan-Scale","display_name":"Street-Level Image Localization Based on Building-Aware Features via Patch-Region Retrieval under Metropolitan-Scale","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216025718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","mag":"3216025718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4876/pdf?version=1638344887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4876/pdf?version=1638344887","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042767054","display_name":"Lanyue Zhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanyue Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015087962","display_name":"Zhifeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-2268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054567097","display_name":"Yong\u2010Gang Qiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054746195","display_name":"Linjun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015087962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57112745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"23","first_page":"4876","last_page":"4876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.683438241481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6417771577835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6164044737815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.609290361404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.5948790311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5293310880661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4883970618247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4544636607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4418458640575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.431090384721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4292733073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4210847020149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4197034537792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4169844388961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3869500756263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18709731101989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11530447006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10308945178985596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.683438241481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6417771577835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6164044737815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.609290361404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.5948790311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5293310880661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4883970618247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4544636607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4418458640575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.431090384721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4292733073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4210847020149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4197034537792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4169844388961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3869500756263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18709731101989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11530447006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10308945178985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4876/pdf?version=1638344887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad1ba868cbec4eb5af70d44496533495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad1ba868cbec4eb5af70d44496533495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 23, p 4876 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/13/23/4876/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs13234876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4876/pdf?version=1638344887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216025718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216025718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1679894842","https://openalex.org/W1833123814","https://openalex.org/W1984309565","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2114184655","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2136451880","https://openalex.org/W2141362318","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2148809531","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152267336","https://openalex.org/W2168148636","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2476740321","https://openalex.org/W2487251778","https://openalex.org/W2499468060","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2589016937","https://openalex.org/W2620629206","https://openalex.org/W2737075200","https://openalex.org/W2780675120","https://openalex.org/W2886604692","https://openalex.org/W2902101981","https://openalex.org/W2908934617","https://openalex.org/W2953247561","https://openalex.org/W2963324085","https://openalex.org/W2963493651","https://openalex.org/W2964157791","https://openalex.org/W2982524430","https://openalex.org/W2984478347","https://openalex.org/W2999657134","https://openalex.org/W3034728521","https://openalex.org/W3092933908","https://openalex.org/W3095367607","https://openalex.org/W3100623370","https://openalex.org/W3109923227","https://openalex.org/W3166608351","https://openalex.org/W3170068246","https://openalex.org/W3185102306","https://openalex.org/W3202420679","https://openalex.org/W3204910850","https://openalex.org/W4243493583","https://openalex.org/W4244891825","https://openalex.org/W6761453060","https://openalex.org/W6780376396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212929323","https://openalex.org/W2045046253","https://openalex.org/W2000995042","https://openalex.org/W2494740635","https://openalex.org/W1632599465","https://openalex.org/W3177269507","https://openalex.org/W1563545158","https://openalex.org/W2091545482","https://openalex.org/W2379499532","https://openalex.org/W2115206115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"aim":[1],"of":[2,12,70,98,115,118,138,181,189,196,203,218,228],"image-based":[3,145],"localization":[4,146,190],"(IBL)":[5],"is":[6,65],"to":[7,26,42,87],"localize":[8],"the":[9,47,62,68,96,136,155,161,166,178,194,208,226],"real":[10],"location":[11],"query":[13],"image":[14,18,41,71,236],"by":[15],"matching":[16,63,201],"reference":[17],"in":[19,36,80,100,113,122,193],"database":[20],"with":[21],"GNSS-tags.":[22],"Popular":[23],"methods":[24,231],"related":[25],"IBL":[27,44,59],"commonly":[28],"use":[29],"street-level":[30,40,235],"images,":[31],"which":[32],"have":[33,52],"high":[34],"value":[35],"practical":[37],"application.":[38],"Using":[39],"tackle":[43],"task":[45],"has":[46],"primary":[48],"challenges:":[49],"existing":[50],"works":[51],"not":[53],"made":[54,91],"targeted":[55],"optimization":[56],"for":[57],"urban":[58,102,120],"tasks.":[60],"Besides,":[61],"result":[64],"over-reliant":[66],"on":[67,160,171],"quality":[69],"features.":[72],"Methods":[73],"should":[74],"address":[75],"their":[76],"practicality":[77],"and":[78,140,163,206],"robustness":[79],"engineering":[81],"application,":[82],"under":[83],"metropolitan-scale.":[84],"In":[85,221],"response":[86],"these,":[88],"this":[89,175],"paper":[90],"following":[92],"contributions:":[93],"firstly,":[94],"given":[95],"critical":[97],"buildings":[99],"distinguishing":[101],"scenes,":[103],"we":[104,125,142,184,223],"contribute":[105],"a":[106,127,233],"feature":[107,156,167,182],"called":[108,130],"Building-Aware":[109],"Feature":[110],"(BAF).":[111],"Secondly,":[112],"view":[114],"negative":[116],"influence":[117],"complex":[119],"scenes":[121],"retrieval":[123,128],"process,":[124],"propose":[126],"method":[129],"Patch-Region":[131],"Retrieval":[132],"(PRR).":[133],"To":[134],"prove":[135,150],"effectiveness":[137,217],"BAF":[139,152],"PRR,":[141],"established":[143],"an":[144],"experimental":[147],"framework.":[148],"Experiments":[149],"that":[151,158,169],"can":[153,185,215],"retain":[154],"points":[157,168],"fall":[159,170],"building,":[162],"selectively":[164],"lessen":[165],"other":[172],"things.":[173],"While":[174],"effectively":[176],"compresses":[177],"storage":[179],"amount":[180],"index,":[183],"also":[186],"improve":[187],"recall":[188],"results;":[191],"implemented":[192],"stage":[195],"geometric":[197],"verification,":[198],"PRR":[199,214],"compares":[200],"results":[202],"regional":[204],"features":[205],"selects":[207],"best":[209],"ranking":[210],"as":[211],"final":[212],"result.":[213],"enhance":[216],"patch-regional":[219],"feature.":[220],"addition,":[222],"fully":[224],"confirmed":[225],"superiority":[227],"our":[229],"proposed":[230],"through":[232],"metropolitan-scale":[234],"dataset.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
